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Step 1 > UWORLD random 3/18b > Flashcards

UWORLD random 3/18b Flashcards

1
Q

pupillary light reflex defect

A

contralateral lesion in optic tract

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2
Q

optic tract lesion

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

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3
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum layers

A

true diverticulum

has all 3 parts of intestinal wall - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis

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4
Q

Henoch Schonlein purpura

A

most common systemic vasculitis in children

3-10

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5
Q

HSP pathophys

A

IgA-antigen immune complex deposition in small vessels and renal mesangium

follows URI

type III hypersensitivity

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6
Q

HSP sx

A

palpable purpura
arthralgia
abdominal pain
renal disease with hematuria

self limited

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7
Q

xeroderma pigmentosum

A

photosensitivity
poikiloderma
hyperpigmentation in sun-exposed areas
sq cell carcionma

AD

defect in nucleotide excision repair
UV-specific endonuclease

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8
Q

turner syndrome underlying mechanism

A

meiotic nondisjunction

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9
Q

porcelain gallbladder

A

due to chronic cholecystitis, multiple gallstones

dystrophic intramural deposition of calcium salts during chronic inflammation

+ risk of gallbladder adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

IL-10

A

anti-inflammatory

inhibit TH1
reduce MHCII
suppress activated macrophages and dendritic cells

protective in Crohn’s

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11
Q

pregnant women with HIV

A

2 NRTIs

+ 3rd drug (protease inhibitor, NNRTIs, integrase inhibitors)

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12
Q

asplenic sepsis

A

impairment of systemic bacterial clearance

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13
Q

primary M tuberculosis infection

A

Ghon complex = lower lobe lung lesion + ipsi hilar adenopathy/calcified node

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14
Q

secondary M tuberculosis infection

A

apical cavitary lesion

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15
Q

diabetic microvascular complications - what builds up?

A

sorbitol

increases osmotic pressure –> influx of water

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16
Q

vWF labs

A

prolonged PTT, bleeding time
normal PT, TT

most common inherited bleeding disorder
AD

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17
Q

prolonged PTT

A

defect in intrinsic pathway

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18
Q

bleeding time

A

test platelet function

19
Q

sickness after drinking alcohol - drug?

A

metronidazole

20
Q

ulnar neuropathy

A

injured at hook of hamate (guyon’s canal)

sensory loss, weakness in wrist, finger, flexion of 4th-5th digits
flattened hypothenar eminence

21
Q

G6PD deficiency

A

Pentose phosphate pathway

x-linked R

hemolytic anemia after tx sulfonamids, antimalarials, infections

heinz bodies

22
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism tx

A

spironolactone

eplerenone

23
Q

hypocalcemia after blood transfusion

A

chelation with citrate anticoagulant

also can lead to hypomagnesemia

paresthesias

24
Q

hypercalcemia sx

A

weakness, constipation, confusion, polyuria/dipsia

25
Q

hypercalcemia in other diseases

A

granulomatous diseases = sarcoidosis, tuberculosis
PTH independent conversion to active calcitriol

also seen in hodgkin & some non-hodgkin lymphomas

26
Q

hydrocephalus complications

A 
macrocephaly
poor feeding
muscle hypertonicity
hyperreflexia
(UMN injury)

seizures
developmental delays

27
Q

healthy excess copper removal

A

hepatic excretion into bile –> stool

ceruloplasmin is 90-95% circulating copper

28
Q

wolf-parkinson white syndrome ECG

A

short PR
widened QRS
slurred/broad upstroke up QRS (delta wave)

29
Q

WPW cause

A

AV accessory pathway that bypasses AV noce to cause early excitation of ventricles

30
Q

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

A

cutaneous lymph from umbilicus down

anus below dentate line

except glans penis and posterior calf = deep inguinal

31
Q

stress incontinence etiology

A

++ intraabdominal pressure

after pregnancy

32
Q

urge incontinence etiology

A

detrusor overactivity

33
Q

spherocytes

A

slightly smaller than RBCs
more densely hemoglobinized at periphery
lack zone of central pallor

34
Q

hereditary spherocytosis

A

AD hemolytic anemia
RBC membrane defect

splenomegaly
jaundice

35
Q

restless leg syndrome tsx

A

dopamine agonists

36
Q

INH ADR

A

hepatotoxicity
hepatitis (fever, anorexia, nausea)

peripheral neuropathy unless admin with pyridoxine

37
Q

oppositional defiant disorder vs conduct disorder

A

conduct disorder is worse

38
Q

bloom syndrome

A

AR

mut BLM gene = DNA helicase

growth retardation, facial anomalies, photosensitive rash, immunodeficiency

39
Q

afferent carotid sinus innervation

A

glossopharyngeal

40
Q

efferent carotid sinus innervation

A

vagus

also afferent aortic arch baroreceptors

41
Q

estrogen activity –> thyroid hormones

A

increase total T4 pool via increased TBG

42
Q

esophageal SCC pt

A

men >50
smoking
alcohol

solid food dysphagia

weight loss

43
Q

esophageal SCC histology

A

solid nests of neoplastic squamous cells

abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm

distinct borders

keratinization

intercellular bridges

Step 1 (47 decks)

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