USSR and Germany Flashcards
By what year had cooperation between the USSR and Germany been established?
1922
What year was the Treaty of Rapallo?
1922
What treaty consolidated the 1922 Treaty of Rapallo?
Treaty of Berlin 1926
What year was the Treaty of Berlin?
1926
When was the most intensive period of Soviet Military collaboration with Germany?
1929-1932
How did the Soviet Union benefit from their relations with Germany>
they benefitted from German technical expertise for the modernisation of industry and armaments production
How did Russis benefit from German technical expertise?
from the modernisation of industry and armaments production
Why did Stalin make agreements with German armament manufacturer’s?
In order to acquire modern weapons
IN what year did Germany and Russia negotiate the continuation of the Berlin treaty?
1931
While in 1931 Russia and Germany negotiated the continuation of the Berlin treaty of 1926, what was a problem?
their relationship began to come under strain
After a Comitern Congress in what year did Stalin attack democratic, socialist movements naming them ‘socialist facists’
1928
What did Stalin name socialist movements in the 1928 Comintern Congress?
socialist fascists
What was the name of the German Army?
Reichswehr
How did Germany benefit from relations with Russia, and its vastness?
the Reichswehr (German Army) were able to carry through military developments that were forbidden under the Versailles Treaty
Where were 4 of the locations the Reichswehr (German Army) were able to carry out military developments in Russia which was forbidden by the treaty of Versailles?
- the Junkers aircraft factory in Fili near Moscow.
- a training school for German pilots at Lipetsk in Ukraine
- a facility for practising tank warfare in Kazan
- facility in Samara for developing poison gas weapons
Where was the Junkers Aircraft factory where the Reichswehr (German Army) were able to carry out military developments in Russia which was forbidden by the treaty of Versailles?
in fili near Moscow
Where was the training school for German polite where the Reichswehr (German Army) were able to carry out military developments in Russia which was forbidden by the treaty of Versailles?
in Lipetsk in Ukraine
Where was the facility for practising tank warfare where the Reichswehr (German Army) were able to carry out military developments in Russia which was forbidden by the treaty of Versailles?
Kazan
Where was the facility for development poison gas weapons where the Reichswehr (German Army) were able to carry out military developments in Russia which was forbidden by the treaty of Versailles?
Samara
When did Soviet-German trade slow significantly?
early 1930’s
Why was it inevitable that Soviet-German relations would sour in 1932?
as the Nazi party gained mass electoral support
Why was Stalin slow to react to the rise of Hitler?
as he hoped it would accelerate the collapse of Capitalism
Why was the Rapallo period of cooperation between Germany put to one side in 1933 and 1934?
as Stalin showed interest in collective security and improved relations with the Western democracies, though keeping open a possible return to cooperation with Germany
It has been often suggested that Stalin pursued a ‘zig zag’ policy, what is meant by this?
that he frequently changed directions according to circumstances
An alternative view to the ‘zig zag’ policy is that Stain has a single-minded obsession with security, what is meant by this?
his tactics were unpredictable but the overall strategic objective was always th same
Which Soviet historian claimed that there was a consistent ‘Stalin Doctrine’ in the 1930’s, wanting a war between Germany and the capitalist West that would weaken both sides while the USSR remained neutral?
Alexandr Nekrich
Who were the German and Russia ministers who signed the nazi-soviet Pact of august 1939?
Ribbentrop and Molotov
When was the Nazi Soviet Pact?
22nd August 1939
What was the significance of the Nazi Soviet Pact of 22nd August 1939?
it was a diplomatic revolution agreed by bitter ideological enemies
What did the Nazi-Soviet pact of 22nd August 1939 provide Germany on favourable terms?
access to vital raw materials
Where did the Nazi Soviet Pact of 22nd August 1939 give Stalin territorial gains?
in eastern Poland and the Baltic States
How is it evident in two ways that Stallion remained open to a possibility of a military alliance with the West?
1) He allowed Litinov to continue negotiations with the Western democracies and
2) Soviet propaganda against Nazism continued
What was a clear sign of Stalin’s probable intentioins to sign a peace pact with the Nazi’s?
the removal of Litinov as the pro-West foreign commissar in replacement of the hard-line Molotov
Why was it significant that the Nazi-Soviet pact allowed Russia major territorial gains in Poland?
as 20 years earlier the Red Army had been halted on the Vistula in the first Russio-Polish War
What 4 places was Stalin able to seize control of once Hitler invaded the Wets in 1940?
the Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
What were 2 of Stalin’s miscalculations about the Nazi-Soviet Pact of the 22nd August 1939?
1) The German war machine had not weakened and with the fall of France in 1940, he controlled Western Europe
2) He trusted Hitler,
When did Soviet forces invade Finland in the “winter war”?
November 1939-40
What was the result of the Winter War 1939-40?
it went bad for the USSR despite having larger forces, due to purges in the Red Army in may-june 1937
What would the USSR provide Germany in 1940?
trainloads of foodstuffs, raw materials and payments in gold
Allied intelligence picked up evidence that Hitler was planning to invade Russia as early as when?
October 1941
When did Hitler invade Russia?
22nd June 1941
How was Stalin’s realtionship with Hitler inconsistent?
it went from cooperation, to violent ideological hostility to a non-aggression pact, to total war
