Development of the Stalin Cult Flashcards
what year was Stalin’s 50th birthday which ignited the cult of personality?
December 1929
What were produced to glorify Stalin’s rule as the ‘mighty leader’ and ‘father of the nation’? (4)
Paintings, poems, posters and sculptures
Between what years was the Stalin cult fully stablished?
1933-1939
Until when did the Stalin cult really reach its height?
after the Second World War
What was published as the main historical textbook for all educational institutions in 1938?
the History of the All-Union Communist Party
or ‘short course’
What year was the History of the All-Union Communist Party or ‘short course’ published for all educational institutions?
in 1938
In the ‘History of All-Union Communist Party’ or “short course” 1938 which was published for all educational institutions, what was Stalin said to have had a major role in?
in the October/November revolution and subsequent Civil War
How was Trotsky and old Bolsheviks portrayed as in the History of the All Union Communist Party or ‘short course’ which was published in 1938 for all educational institutions?
as enemies of the people and assigned minor roles
How did Stalin manipulate photos to show him as the favoured man to succeeded Lenin?
they doctored photos to remove Stalin’s enemies
How many copies did the History of the All Union Communist Party or ‘short course’ made by 1948?
34 million copies
What did the adulation Stalin received show, even though it was manufactured?
it reflected the sale and strength of support that he acquired within the Soviet Union
What did the real sense of emotional attachment to Stalin reflect?
this reflected the tradition of loyalty to the leader just as the peasantry had once shown unwavering loyalty to their Tsar
What did peasants and workers create in their own homes which is similar to how some may worship saints in tsarist times?
they would have their own red corner of the great leaders
In 1956 who succeeded Stalin?
Nikita Khrushchev
What did Nikita Khrushchev say happened when Stalin read a pre-publication version of the official Short Biography of his own life?
he insisted that it be revised to praise his qualities and achievements even more
Although a traditionalist, what did Lenin encourage in the 1920’s?
the freedom of expression
What was the circumstances under which Lenin encouraged the freedom of expression in the 1920’s?
provided that art was not used to express counter-revolutionary sentiments
What happened to the creativity of the 1920’s under Stalin?
it gave way to conformity in the 1930’s
from what year did all writers have to belong to the “Union of Soviet Writers” and all artists to the “Union of Artists”?
1932
What did the various Unions of Soviet writers, artists and fill makers etc exert control over?
over what was created and who was allowed to create
What was individual expression deemed as?
politically suspect
What did the new norms demand of the Unions of music, artistry and writing ?
they demanded adherence to the doctrine of ‘socialist realism’
What did the new norms which demanded adherence to the doctrine of ‘socialist realism’ mean for the Union of music, artists and writing?
that they were not allowed to represent Soviet life exactly as it was as the time, but what it might become in the future
What did citizens learn as a result from the new norms imposed upon literature?
they learnt that the ‘march for Communism’ was inevitable
