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ANEW-H-Russia > Soviet Entry into League of Nations > Flashcards

Soviet Entry into League of Nations Flashcards

1
Q

IN what year were diplomatic relations established with the US?

A

1933

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2
Q

What were “Riga Watchers”?

A

these were American foreign policy experts, who used Riga, the capital of Latvia as a listening post from which to observe the developments in Russia

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3
Q

Where was there an American Embassy opened, allowing the US diplomats to operate within the USSR instead of depending on “Riga Watchers” who previously reported on the Soviet Union nearby Latvia

A

Moscow

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4
Q

Why was it important for the USSR to establish diplomatic relations with the US in 1933?

A

in order to open the way for the USSR to join the League of Nations

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5
Q

Who’s personal diplomacy as Foreign Commissar helped the USSR into the League of Nations?

A

Litivnov

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6
Q

Who was established as the ‘acceptable face’ of the Soviet regime in 1933?

A

Litvinov

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7
Q

Why was Litvniov, Foreign Commissar established as the acceptable face of the Soviet regime in 1933?

A

due to his long experience with the West and polished social background which gave him credibility with the Western diplomats

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8
Q

What was it that finalised the agreement to re-open formal relations between the US and USSR?

A

Litvinov’s visit to Washington in Novemebr 1933

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9
Q

Apart from the skilful diplomacy of Litivnov, what politically pushed the USSR and US together?

A

the growing threat of Japan, the country that had invaded Manchuria in 931 and seemed set for further militaristic expansion.

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10
Q

Why was Japan a threat?

A

as they had invaded Manchuria in 1931 and seemed set for further militaristic expansion

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11
Q

Why did the League of Nations want the USSR ?

A

in order to strengthen collective security against threats from the Japanese or German aggression

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12
Q

From what decade had Russia been deeply involved in the Far East?

A

form the 1890’s

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13
Q

How has Russia been deeply involved in the Far East since 1890’s?

A

with the building of the Trans-Siberian Railway and expansionist Russian ambitions in Manchuria to exploit the weaknesses of the Chinese empire

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14
Q

When was the Russio-Japanese War?

A

1904

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15
Q

Why was there a Russio-Japanese War in 1904?

A

after the USSR and Japanese conflict over exploring the weakness of the Chinese weakness.

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16
Q

Who was threatened by the rise of the Japanese military power from the 1931 capture of Manchuria?

A

USSR and western powers

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17
Q

Which two countries left the League of Nations in 1933?

A

Japan and Germany

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18
Q

When was the USSR admitted to the League of Nations?

A

September 1934

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19
Q

What year was Germany allowed into the League of Nations?

A

1926

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20
Q

Why did the Japanese withdraw themselves from the League of Nations in 1933?

A

after mounting a war against China in the Far East

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21
Q

Which experienced revolutionary of the USSR made an article in January 1934, which stated that the object of Soviet Government was to protect the proletarian state from the folly of war. This prepared for the entering of the League of Natioins

A

Karl Radek

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22
Q

What did Karl Radek, experienced revolutionary of the USSR say in an article which justified the joining of the League of Nations?

A

that the object of Soviet Government was to protect the proletarian state from the folly of war. This prepared for the entering of the League of Nations

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23
Q

In what years did Stalin take further steps towards supporting collective security?

A

1934 and 1935

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24
Q

What steps had Stalin taken in 1934 and 1935 in supporting collective security?

A

he scrapped the hard line policy enforced on the Comintern from 1928

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25
Q

Stalin announced a new official policy to support broad based ‘popular fronts’ in other countries which became the new official policy of the Comintern in August 1935. What was this?

A

popular fronts were firmed formed in France against the rise of fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.

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26
Q

Where did Stalin admit that Soviet communism was to cooperate with democratic socialists in the fight against fascism in 1934?

A

in the Pravda

27
Q

In what year did Stalin admit in the Pravda that Soviet Communism was to cooperate with democratic socialists in the fight against fascism?

A

1934

28
Q

Where and when was the policy that Soviet Communism was to cooperate with democratic socialists in the fight against fascism become official policy?

A

in the Comintern Congress in Moscow in 1935

29
Q

What year did theolicy that Soviet Communism was to cooperate with democratic socialists in the fight against fascism become official policy in the Comintern Congress in Moscow?

A

1935

30
Q

Stalin did little to protest against the repression of which german party against the Nazi’s?

A

the German KPD Communist party.

31
Q

What was unusual about Stalin’s reactions to the Nazi regime in the mid 1930’s? (2)

A
  • He did little to protest against the repression of the German KPD Communist party
  • continues to give military cooperation with Germany
32
Q

When did the USSR negotiate a non-aggression peace pact with Poland?

A

in December 1932

33
Q

In Decemeber 1932 who did the USSR negotiate a non-aggression peace pact with?

A

Poland

34
Q

What did the USSR’s non-aggression peace pact with Poland in December 1932 agree?

A

to a 10 year peace pact in 1934

35
Q

When did the USSR sign a non-aggression pact with France?

A

November 1932

36
Q

When was the non-aggression pact with France fully signed as a Franco-Soviet Pact of Mutual Assisstance?

A

1935

37
Q

What was the non-aggression pact with France named after it was officially signed in 1935, though first formed in November 1932?

A

Franco-Soviet Pact of Mutual Assistance

38
Q

When did Hitler give a public announcement for German rearmament which worried the French?

A

March 1935

39
Q

What was a problem with the Franco-Soviet Pact of Mutual Assistance signed in 1935?

A

it was vague on the circumstances in which it might be activated

40
Q

What followed the Franco-Soviet Pact of Mutual Assistance signed in 1935?

A

a pact between the USSR and Czechoslovakia

41
Q

What did the pact between the USSR and Czechoslovakia do?

A

the USSR promised to intervene militarily if Czechoslovakia was attacked by a third party, as long as the French did also.

42
Q

When did Stalin’s new approach to international affairs and collective security receive a serious setback?

A

in March 1936

43
Q

Why did Stalin’s new approach to international affairs and collective security receive a serious setback?

A

because of the passive response of the French to Hitler’s forces occupied and remilitarised the Rhineland which directly contravened the terms of the Versailles treaty. This suggested a weakened value in the Franco-Soviet Pact of 1935

44
Q

How did the west respond to Hitler’s invasion of the Rhineland in March 1936?

A

they did not intervene and Hitler’s remilitarisation of the region succeed

45
Q

What moment did historians Geoge Kennan argue was the moment Stalin had to decide whether to fight against Hitler or to make peace with Hitler?

A

the moment Hitler invaded the Rhineland without any western intervention to prevent the remilitarisation of the region.

46
Q

Why did French passivise response to Hitler invading the Rhineland suggest to Stalin to make peace with Hitler?

A

as this was an indication that if France would not enforce the Treaty of Versailles, then France was hardly likely to be bold in resisting German attempted in the East Central Europe.

47
Q

Germany’s remilitarisation of the Rhineland set the context for Stalin’s reaction to the Spanish Civil War which was when?

A

July 1936

48
Q

How did the Spanish Civil War of July 1936 begin?

A

when the right wing army officers lead by Francisco Franco launched a nationalist rebellion against the Spanish Republic

49
Q

Who supported the fascist takeover in the Spanish Civil War? (2)

A

Both fascist Italy and Nazi Germany

50
Q

What did the Popular-Front government of France want in regards to the Spanish Civil War?

A

they wanted to ensure that the Civil War did not become internationalised and so proposed a general acceptance on non-intervention in Spain

51
Q

When did France propose a general acceptance of non-intervention in Spain to prevent the Civil War from becoming internationalised?

A

August 1936

52
Q

What 2 instances created the context for Stalin’s alliance with Germany?

A

1) Western passivity to Germany’s remilitarisation of the Rhineland
2) Western passivity to the fight against fascism in regards to the Spanish Civil War

53
Q

When did Stalin decide to intervene in Spain?

A

August 1936

54
Q

What was the USSR’s intervention like on the Spanish Civil War?

A

intervention was political as well as military, on a large scale and rapidly implemented with hundreds of Soviet advisers, backed by troops, tanks and aircraft

55
Q

What was Soviet propaganda aimed at in 1936?

A

it was aimed in support of the ‘anti-fascist crusade’

56
Q

When was there a mass rally in Leningrad in support of the ‘anti-fascist crusade’ of the Spanish Civil War?

A

1937

57
Q

When was a probable outcome for the Spanish Republic as a result of Soviet Intervention?

A

it is probable that their intervention prevented Madrid from falling to Franco, head of the fascist movement

58
Q

After when was Soviet policy changed in regards to the Spanish Civil War which scaled down direct military intervention?

A

after the early months on 1937

59
Q

After the early months of 1937, what happened to Stalin’s policy in regards to the Spanish Civlil War?

A

he scaled down direct military intervention

60
Q

What was Stalin’s policy to the Spanish Civil War after the early months of 1937?

A

it was to prolong the war in order to wear down Italian and German forces.

61
Q

How did the West influence Stalin’s policy change in 1937 ?

A

as the Western democracies did little to prevent the victory of the Francoists in Spain, with growing suspicion of Stalin’s intentions.

62
Q

Though the liberal public opinion admired the USSR’s intervention in Spain, what was the sentiment on a governmental level?

A

they feared the growing like of Soviet Communism which weakened the prospects for future collaboration

63
Q

Which 2 left-wing groups fought on the Spanish Republic’s side of the war and were intensely devoted to Stalin?-

A
  • the PCE (Spanish Communist Party)

- the PSUC (Socialist Party of Catalonia)

64
Q

What was the name of the Spanish Communist Party?

A

PCE

ANEW-H-Russia (36 decks)

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