Urban&Rural Differences +similarities and differences between Lenin and Stalin

Question 1

From 1929 where was there the most change?

Answer 1

with the rural population

Question 2

Areas which had been relatively untouched before collectivisation found themselves under what?

Answer 2

under strong central control as the regime policed the countryside more closely

Question 3

post 1929 was a time of dislocation as the basic certainties of rural life (religion, friendship and traditions) had become changed. What happened to this way of life?

Answer 3

it became lost in the time of movement into new regions and towns.

Question 4

During the 1930’s collectivisation became grudging accepted. However some peasants benefitted from having access to what for the first time?

Answer 4

tractors, schools and clinics

Question 5

What years was the Great Famine?

Answer 5

1932-33

Question 6

What did the Great Famine of 1932-33 cause?

Answer 6

this caused millions of deaths in the countryside

Question 7

During the Great Famine of 1932-33, this caused millions of deaths in the countryside. How did this impact the towns?

Answer 7

towns became swamped by refugees and the rationing system which continued until 1935 often broke down

Question 8

Although the Great Famine was between 1932-33, when did the rationing system continue on until?

Answer 8

1935

Question 9

What was the kommunalka?

Answer 9

a communal dwelling/housing bloc

Question 10

During the 1930’s where was there a shortage of?

Answer 10

housing which meant there was no privacy in the kommunalka

Question 11

Due to the lack of housing in the 1930’s which meant no privacy in the kommunalka (housing bloc), how did this coincide with the terror?

Answer 11

as this meant that people had to whisper in case their neighbours overhead conversation which could result in denunciations to the authorities and a visit from the security police

Question 12

Who were apartment blocs supervised by whose task it was to partly spy on individuals?

Answer 12

a concierge

Question 13

What was the task of the concierge who would supervise apartment blocs?

Answer 13

to partly spy on individuals

Question 14

Who were the only people who had the right to more substantial and private accommodation?

Answer 14

only favoured Party members

Question 15

Despite show projects such as the Moscow Metro of 1935 What were many cities without? (3)

Answer 15

sewage, street lighting and public transport

Question 16

What type of considerable crime was there in urban areas?

Answer 16

hooliganism and urban violence

Question 17

What year was the worst year for living standards such as a lower overall food consumption?

Answer 17

1933

Question 18

in 1933 overall food production was lower than what year?

Answer 18

1900

Question 19

Meat consumption was only 1/3rd of what year?

Answer 19

1928

Question 20

What did many people rely on for survival?

Answer 20

the black market

Question 21

From what year did conditions improve with 1937 being the best year for living standards?

Answer 21

1935

Question 22

It became legal for some small trades to operate privately in the mid 1930’s such as ? (3)

Answer 22

shoe repair
hairdressing
plumbing activities

Question 23

What year was there a bad harvest?

Answer 23

1936

Question 24

After 1937 what put further strains on public services?

Answer 24

a heavy increase in the urban population

Question 25

Overall why did urban workers probably cope better in the 1930’s compared to the rural peasants?

Answer 25

as changes were fewer

Question 26

What did urban workers have which the rural workers did not? (3)

Answer 26

regulated working hours and wages, workplace canteens and even shops

Question 27

What year did war come?

Answer 27

1941

Question 28

Who were better off during the war years?

Answer 28

rural peasants as they had their private plots while urban workers only had rations to rely on

Question 29

What have many historians and commentators claimed about Stain’s policies?

Answer 29

that they undermined Lenin’s work rather than continued it

Question 30

For Stalin’s enemies like Trotsky, what had Stalin turned the USSR into?

Answer 30

into a perversion of what was intended to be the first workers’ state

Question 31

In terms of death warrants how are lenin and Stalin comparable?

Answer 31

they both signed them with little thought

Question 32

Stalin had used methods established by Lenin such as what?

Answer 32

the setting up of internal security services and the emphasis on class warfare

Question 33

Both Stalin and Lenin adapted their policies to what they perceived were the needs of the regime at any particular time, and both were prepared to come up with what for any policy changes?

Answer 33

an ideological justification

Question 34

After what year did Stalin make relatively few contributions to Marxist theory?

Answer 34

1929

Question 35

Stalin continues and extended Leninism with a particular house on carrying out what changes?

Answer 35

economic and social

Question 36

Why was Stalin able to fuse Russian nationalism with Soviet socialism in conditions which Lenin had not experienced?

Answer 36

because of the international situation of Russia in the 1930’s