INCLASS-Economic+Social Impacts of War Flashcards
After 6 months of war from 1941, what are the 6 losses the Soviet people faced?
- Half the Soviet population under German occupation
- 1/3rd of the nation’s industrial plant under German control
- Iron and steel production dropped by 60%
- 40% of the Railway system was no longer usable
- Livestock reduced by 60%
- Grain stocks reduced by 40%
In the first 6 months of war from 1941, how much of the Soviet population was under German occupation?
half
In the first 6 months of war from 1941what fraction of the nation’s industrial plant was under German control?
1/3rd
In the first 6 months of war from 1941, by what % did iron and steel production drop?
by 60%
In the first 6 months of war from 1941 what % of the railway system was no longer usable?
40%
In the first 6 months of war from 1941 how much was livestock reduced by?
60%
In the first 6 months of war from 1941 how much did grain stocks reduce by?
40%
Where had the FYPs aimed to expand industrial output?
west of the Urals, which was the area most vulnerable to German attack
The FYPs hadaimed to expand industrial output west of the Urals, which was the area most vulnerable to German attack, how did Stalin balance the threat between July-December 1941?
he organised c2,500 separate industrial enterprises to be moved eastwards
Who were conscripted into the armed forces/
All adults not involved in essential war work
By 1944 how many women were serving in the Red Army?
2 million
By what year were 2 million women serving in the Red Army?
1944
How were women treat slightly better at war by the Soviet government? (2)
Women units were given 100 grams more soap ration than men and there was some special all female units
What is an example of an all female special unit?
46th Guards Night Bomber Regiment
What did the Germans nickname the 46th Guards Night Bomber Regiment and why?
“The night witches” in reference to the women pilots turning off their engines mid-flight in attack to be undetected by air defense crews.
how many casualties was there in the first year at war?
4 million
What was a result from the large casualty rate and drafting of the civilian population?
women, children and the elderly had to fill the vacant places in the factories
By what year was over half of the country’s outcome devoted to military expenditure which was the highest proportion of any of the countries involved in WW2?
1942
What year was the lowest point in the Soviet Economic fortunes?
1942
How many million tons of war materials were sent by the USA to the USSR under a lend-lease programme?
17 million tonnes
under what programme did the USA send the USR 17 million tonnes of war materials to bolster the Soviet’s home production supply of weapons and motor transport?
the Lend-lease programme
What was the positive impact of the Lend-Lease programme?
this bolstered the Soviet’s home production supply of weapons and motor transport. Did not have to pay back until after the war
Why was it of special significance that there was a recovery and expansion of the Soviet railway system?
as this enabled troops and supplies to be moved strategically
What year did Soviet forces defeat German forces at Kursk and Stalingrad?
1943
What was the soviet industrial recovery following the base unit of 100 in 1940s?
- national income
- industrial output
- armaments production
1943-74
1944-88
1941-98
1944-104
1941-140
1944-251
The USSR were able to achieve a huge arms production at a time of acute shortages in plant, _______, and manpower..
materials
Which 2 features of Soviet rule had prepared the Soviet people for the hardships of war?
1) Centralized authority
2) the harsh conditions laboured
What did the recovery of the economy came at the expense of the greater privation of?
the Soviet people that had already borne during collectivization and industrialization.
What had caused harsher living conditions during the war for the Soviet People (4)?
- Long German occupation of fertile land
- The shortage of agricultural labour
- The re-imposition of state grain and livestock requisitions
- The breakdown of the food distribution systems
What was the result of • Long German occupation of fertile land
• The shortage of agricultural labour
• The re-imposition of state grain and livestock requisitions
• The breakdown of the food distribution systems?
this caused the transformation of a chronic Russian food shortage into famine
What % of the 25 million fatalities suffered by the Soviet Union during the war were the result of starvation?
25%
What was the collective number of fatalities in the Soviet Union during the war?
25 million
How long did the seige of Leningrad last?
from 1941-44
How many of the city’s population of Leningrad died from wounds hunger of cold during the seige of Leningrad?
1 in 3
How many German bombs landed on the city during the seige of Leningrad from 1941-44?
over 10,000
How many people in leningrad were arrested for cannibalism during the seige of Leningrad between 1941-44?
226
While Stalin advocated that the Soviet social system proved more capable of life and more stable than any other system, what did he choose not to admit?
that much of the suffering had been caused by his own policies, not least the mania for deporting whole people’s whose loyalty he doubted which acted as an extension of the purges on a massive scale.
What year was the Yalta (feb) and Potsdam (July) Conferences?
1945
What was the name of the conference in 1945?
the Yalta (Feb) and Potsdam (July) Conferences
What had strengthened the already built up paranoia of Stalin over the years of war?
the Yalta (Feb) and Potsdam (July) Conferences of 1945
What was the Yalta (Feb) and Potsdam (July) Conferences of 1945?
this was wherethe victor nations had agreed that all released prisoners of war should be returned to their country of origin.
Who did Stalin insist on being returned to Russia at the Yalta and Potsdam Conference?
Soviet POW who had fought for the Germans
How did Stalin punish the POW returned under the Yalta and Potsdam Conference who had fought against him?
. Mass executions took place of whole communities who were seen as supporting Hitler. It was from this that the Cossacks as a people were virtually destroyed in retribution for their support of German armies.
What happened to those POW who had fought for Russia upon return?
Many were transferred from German prison camps to Soviet prison camps
Why were Soviet POW who fought for Stalin transferred from German prison camps to Soviet prison camps?
as he assumed their survival indicated their collaboration with the Germans.
Who was the Marshal of the War?
Marshal Zhukov
Where was Marshal Zhukov celebrated at a victory parade on a white charger?
In Moscow’s red square
Why was it Marshal Zhukov and not Stalin who celebrated the victory of war at a parade in Moscow red square?
as Stalin was fearful that he could not control the horse
How many civillian deaths were there in the WW2?
19 million
How many kms of railways were destoryed?
65,000 kms
What was a problem with the territory re-conquered from 1943 onwards?
it had been scoured of anything of value
Half of the captial of the Ukraine had been reduced to rubble. What is the captial?
Kiev
Who was General Vlasov?
leader of the pro-German army of Russians
What happened to General Vlasov, the leader of the pro-German army of Russians?
he was publically hanged in Red Square
What happened to POW?
they were not sent back to their families as heros, they were put into labour camps for their close contact with foreign capitalism
In what year were the Germans of the Volga, who had their own republic transported east as enemies?
1941
Where were other national groups transported by cattle-truck to and abandoned?
Kazakhstan
Who were transported by cattle-truck to Kazakhstan and abandoned?
national groups
Over how many Lithuanians, Latvians and Estonians were transported to places such as Kazakhstan and abandoned because they were thought to have had collaborated with the Nazi’s?
over 400,000
400,000 of which 3 places were transported to places such as Kazakhstan and abandoned because they were thought to have had collaborated with the Nazi’s
Lithuanians, Latvians and Estonians
