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ANEW-H-Russia > Gosplan and the organisation, aims and results of the three, 5 year plans > Flashcards

Gosplan and the organisation, aims and results of the three, 5 year plans Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Gosplan?

A

the State Planning Agency

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2
Q

What was the Gosplan (State Planning Agency) responsible for?

A

for drawing up the plans and establishing output targets for every economic enterprise in accordance with Party directives

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3
Q

What was the job of the Gosplan?

A

to ensure that overall economic objectives of the Five Year Plans were met by matching input by output

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4
Q

Why was the Gosplan’s job not easy?

A

as the Communist government made the overall decision as to what should be produced

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5
Q

How did regional party leaders make the job of the Gosplan difficult?

A

they would put forward their own ambitious targets and argue as to why their region should have first call on resources

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6
Q

Why were targets very ambitious?

A

to force managers and workers to devote their maximum effort to the programme

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7
Q

Why did all those involved in the administering and carrying out of plans go to great lengths to ensure that the reported statistics showed huge improvements?

A

as failure to achieve a target was deemed a criminal offence

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8
Q

Corruption and _____ ________ were built into the system from the outset

A

faulty reporting

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9
Q

Why was Gosplan in an unenviable position?

A

as they had to work from deliberately falsified statistics and if things went wrong its officials could be held responsible

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10
Q

Why were many employers and members of the Gosplan’s own offices dismissed once the plan got underway?

A

as they were thought of as not sufficiently class conscious, enthusiastic or free from corruption

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11
Q

Which Part Congress in April 1929 approved of the first Five Year Plan although it was backdated to October 1928?

A

Sixteenth Party Congress

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12
Q

What were 2 key problems with the first Five Year Plan?

A

not based on very secure data and was very over ambitious

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13
Q

What was the actual production of coal in 1928?

A

35.4 million tonnes

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14
Q

The coal production in 1928 was 35.4 million tonnes, what did the Five Year Plan set the target for by 1933?

A

75 million tonnes

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15
Q

What was the actual production of oil in 1928?

A

11 million tonnes

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16
Q

What did Stalin want the first Five Year Plan to do to oil production by 1933?

A

double it to 22 million tonnes

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17
Q

What was the actual production of pig iron in 1928?

A

3.3 million tonnes

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18
Q

The pig iron production in 1928 was 3.3 million tonnes, what did the Five Year Plan set the target for by 1933?

A

10 million tonnes

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19
Q

Why were people afraid to question the first Five Year Plan?

A

as Stalin’s regime became more authoritarian and criticism might easily be labelled as disloyalty, sabotage or treason

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20
Q

What did the first Five Year Plan plan focus on?

A

heavy industry (oil, steel, iron, coal)

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21
Q

What were the aims of the first Five Year Plan? (4)

A
  • increase production by 300%
  • focus on development of coal, iron, steel, oil
  • boost electricity production by 600%
  • double the output from light industry such as chemicals
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22
Q

How many years did Stalin claim the plan was achieved?

A

in 4 years

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23
Q

What is the most likely reason that Stalin claimed his plan was achieved in 4 years?

A

as a result form over enthusiastic reporting by local officials keen to show loyalty and effort

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24
Q

While no major targets were actually met, what brought some impressive growth?

A

investment

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25
Q

Under the first Five Year Plan how much did electricity increase?

A

it trebled

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26
Q

Under the first Five Year Plan how much did coal and iron output increase?

A

it doubled

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27
Q

Under the first Five Year Plan how much did steel output increase?

A

by a third

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28
Q

Under the first Five Year Plan, what sprung up? (4)

A
  • New railways
  • engineering plants
  • HEP schemes
  • industrial complexes
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29
Q

What target was not met by Stalin?

A

chemical targets

30
Q

What was the impact of chemical targets not being met?

A

house building, food processing and consumer industries were woefully neglected

31
Q

What was there too few of for efficient development?(2)

A

skilled workers and effective central coordination

32
Q

What years were the Five Year Plans between?

A

1928-1932

33
Q

What years was the Second Five Year Plan between?

A

1933-1937

34
Q

What did the Second Five Year Plan build on?

A

the infrastructure of the first plan

35
Q

What did the Second Five Year Plan give more attention to?

A

to consumer goods (although heavy industry still remained as the overall priority

36
Q

What were the aims of the Second Five Year Plan? (4)

A
  • continue the development of heavy industry
  • promote growth of light industries such as chemicals and electrical and consumer goods
  • develop communications
  • foster engineering and tool making
37
Q

what were the 3 good years in the Second Five Year Plan?

A

1934-1936

38
Q

When was the Moscow Metro opened?Second Five Year Plan

A

1935

39
Q

When was the Volga canal opened?Second Five Year Plan

A

1937

40
Q

What year was the Dnieprostoroi Dam completed which produced hydro electric power?Second Five Year Plan

A

1932

41
Q

How was the Dnieprostroi Dam made to be the largest in Europe? Second Five Year Plan

A

as it was extended with 4 more generators

42
Q

which new metals were mined for the first time under the Second Five Year Plan?

A

zinc, copper and tin

43
Q

Under the Second Five Year Plan how much did steel output increase?

A

it trebled

44
Q

Under the Second Five Year Plan how much did coal production increase by?

A

it doubled

45
Q

by what year was the Soviet Union virtually self sufficient in metal goods and machine tools

A

1937

46
Q

Why did the plan slightly change in 1936?

A

as there was a greater emphasis placed on rearmament

47
Q

by what % of GDP did rearmament rise from in 1933 to 1937?

A

from 4% to 17%

48
Q

What production failed to meet its targets?

A

oil

49
Q

Although there was no appreciable increase in consumer goods, what was there some expansion in?

A

footwear and food processing

50
Q

What was a provision which was not published in the military budget said to have developed?

A

a secret workshop devoted to weapons production in each industrial complex

51
Q

Under a provision which was not published in the military budget and had developed a secret workshop producing weapons in each industrial complex, what are they thought to have provided almost half of?

A

half of Soviet military production

52
Q

Why was armaments outputs able to rise by almost 300% between 1933 and 1938?

A

as this was at the expense of advertised consumer targets

53
Q

What was the target for steel in the First Five Year plan and what was the actual production?

A

target was 10 million tonnes

actual was 6 million tonnes

54
Q

What was the target for electricity in m.kWh in the First Five Year Plan and what was the actual production?

A

22,000 m.kWh

13,500 m.kWh

55
Q

What was the oil target in the first Five Year Plan and what was the actual production?

A
  1. 7 million tonnes

21. 4 million tonnes

56
Q

What was the tractors (in thousands) targets in the Second Five Year Plan and what was the actual production?

A

166,000

66,000

57
Q

What was the oil target in the Second Five Year Plan and what was the actual production?

A

46 million tonnes

28 million tonnes

58
Q

What was the steel target in the Second Five Year Plan and what was the actual production?

A

17 million tonnes

17 million tonnes

59
Q

What years was the Third Five Year Plan between?

A

1938-1942

60
Q

What was the focus of the Third Five Year Plan?

A

the needs of the defence sector

61
Q

Why was there a focus on the need of the defence sector in the Third Five Year Plan?

A

due to the growing threat Nazi Germany posed in the USSR

62
Q

What were the aims of the Third Five Year Plan?

A
  • renewed emphasis on development of heavy industry
  • rapid rearmament
  • complete transition to communism
63
Q

What happened to the spending on rearmament between 1938–1940?

A

spending doubled

64
Q

Under the Third Five Year Plan what happened to steal production?

A

it stagnated

65
Q

Under the Third Five Year Plan what happened to oil production?

A

it failed to meet targets

66
Q

What happened when oil production failed to meet targets under the Third Five Year Plan?

A

this caused a fuel crisis and many industries found themselves sort of raw materials

67
Q

What was relegated to the lowest priority under the Third Five Year Plan?

A

consumer goods

68
Q

What was the biggest problem of the Third Five Year Plan?

A

dearth (lack) of good managers, specialists and technicians following Stalin’s purges

69
Q

What year was an exceptionally hard winter?

A

1938

70
Q

Why was the Third Five Year Plan disrupted and come to an early finish?

A

because of the German invasion of 1941

71
Q

Why was Nazi Germany a threat to Russia?

A

as Hitler made no secret that he sought Lebensraum living space for German people to the East, which threatened Soviet territory

ANEW-H-Russia (36 decks)

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