Dictatorship and Stalinism until 1934 Flashcards

1
Q

In what year was Trotsky expelled from the USSR and Bukharin removed from the Politburo?

A

1929

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2
Q

What year was the Industrial Party show trial for sabotage and treason + the collectivisation and coercion of kulaks?

A

1930

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3
Q

What year was the Metro-Vickers trial of British engineers for sabotage?

A

1933

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4
Q

What year was the 17th party congress?

A

1934

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5
Q

What year is the OGPU replaced by the NKVD?

A

1934

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6
Q

What year is Kirov murdered?

A

1934

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7
Q

What year was the show trial of 16?

A

1936

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8
Q

Where had the machinery of state terror emerged from?

A

under Lenin

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9
Q

The machinery of state terror had emerged under Lenin and so the USSR was lardy a police state by what year?

A

1928

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10
Q

The Soviet people were kept under strict surveillance by who? (2)

A

Party activists and informers

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11
Q

Who kept extensive records on the population?

A

the General Secretariat

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12
Q

When had Lenin establish the Cheka?

A

Decemeber 1917

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13
Q

Why had Lenin established the Cheka in December 1917?

A

to act as his “sharp sword of the revolution”

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14
Q

From what years were security functions carried out by the OGPU?

A

from 1922-1934

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15
Q

The OGPU supervised a network of labour camps which had been built up since 1918 to replace what?

A

the old tsarist prison camps

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16
Q

Why did Stalin first extend the use of terror?

A

to ensure his position in the leadership struggle and to enforce collectivisation through the obstruction of the kulaks

17
Q

In 1930, why did Stalin expel some of his former supporters from the Party?

A

for criticising the excesses of collectivisation

18
Q

Why in 1931 who did Stalin put on trial?

A

a group of former Mensheviks and SRs

19
Q

In the First Five Year Plans for industry, why did Stalin send specialists and engineers to labour camps?

A

as he accused the of machine breaking and sabotage

20
Q

What year was the Shakhty trial?

A

1928

21
Q

Why was there a Shakhty trial in 1928?

A

In 1928, managers and technicians at the Shakhty coal mine had questioned the pace of industrialisation and thus accused of counter-revolutionary activity and forced to confess

22
Q

What happened to the defendants at the Shakhty trial in 1928?

A

5 were executed and other received long prison sentences

23
Q

What year marked the end of the 1932 First Five Year Plan?

A

1932

24
Q

What had the forced collectivisation lead to?

A

the 1932-33 famine

25
Q

Who was Ryutin?

A

former Moscow Party Secretary and a rightist who was expelled from the party in 1930 for critiquing collectivisation

26
Q

tell the story of Ryutin?

A

He was the former Moscow Party Secretary and expelled from the party in 1930 for criticising collectivisation. He circulated documents which blamed Stalin for the USSR’s economy policies and arrested in 1932 with a 10 year prison sentence. Executed in 1937 as part of Yezhovshchina

27
Q

What was the name of the 200 page document that Ryutin distributed amount the Party members in March 1932?

A

“Stalin and the Crisis of the Proletarian Dictatorship”

28
Q

Who was Kirov?

A

popular Leningrad Party Leader who had been tipped as a likely successor to Stalin

29
Q

Why was Zinoviev, Kamenev and 14 others expelled from the party?

A

for failure to report the existence of the document

30
Q

By what year had 1/5th of the party been branded Ryutinites and expelled in a non-violent purge (or chistka)

A

1934

31
Q

Who were the 3 leaders of the NKVD ?

A

Yagoda then Yezhov then Beria

32
Q

In 1934, the labour camps were reorganised into a national network known as what?

A

Gulags

33
Q

In 1934 the OGPU was replaced by the NKVD which had control of the internal security of the USSR as well as control of the ordinary police. What did this mean?

A

that the whole system of policing and state repression was unified under the NKVD

34
Q

Yagoda was responsible for preparing the first major show trial in 1936 but accused of being insufficiently thorough and executed in what year?

A

1938