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HS Exam 2 > US of Abdominal Wall- Dey > Flashcards

US of Abdominal Wall- Dey Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are at the level of the transpyloric plane

A

pylorus
gall bladder
pancreas

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2
Q

what structures must be put back together in a certain order when closing a paramedian incision above the arcuate line

A

a

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3
Q

what structures must be put back together in a certain order when closing a paramedian incision below the arcuate line

A

a

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4
Q

what lymph nodes are affected by melanoma on the left lateral region of the abdominal wall

A

a

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5
Q

what lymph nodes are affected by testicular carcinoma

A

a

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6
Q

what is the advantage of a paramedic and midline incision compared to a pararectus incision?

A

a

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7
Q

what complications come from severing or compressing a nerve on the anterior abdominal wall

A

a

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8
Q

what position should the patient be in for an abdominal exam and why

A

supine with relaxed abdomen and knees bent to relax the fascia between the legs and the abdomen

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9
Q

what is the elicited reflex

A

stroking the abdomen lateral to medial, should see a contraction

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10
Q

what is a guarding reflex

A

involuntary reflex with pain in the abdomen, commonly seen with appendicitis

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11
Q

what are the 6 Fs causing abdominal distension and the other cauess

A 
food
fat
fluid
feces
flatus
fetus
tumors
enlarged organs
reduced muscle tone (age, lack of exercise, paralysis)
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12
Q

what structures are in the RUQ

A 
R liver
gallbladder
stomach
duodenum
pancrease
R kidney
R colic flexture
transverse and ascending colon
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13
Q

what structures are in the LUQ

A 
L liver
spleen
pancreas
stomach
L kidney
L colic flexture
transverse and descending colon
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14
Q

what structures are in the RLQ

A 
cecum
appendix
ileum
ascending colon
R ovary and uterine tube
uterus
R ductus deferns and spermatic cord
full bladder
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15
Q

what structures are in the LLQ

A 
sigmoid colon
descending colon
L ovary and uterine tube
full bladder
uterus
L ductus deferns and spermatic cord
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16
Q

what are the planes that divide the abdomen into 9 quadrants

A

midclavicular/midinguinal lines
subcostal plane L2-3
transtubercular plane at L5

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17
Q

where is the transpyloric plane

A

crosses at pylorus of stomach at the midpoint between sternal notch and pubic symphysis around L1

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18
Q

what are the 9 regions of the abdomen

A 
R/L hypochondriac
epigastric
R/L lateral
umbilicus
R/L inguinal
pubic (hypogastric)
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19
Q

where are the parts of the pancreas

A

head- right L2/3
body- L1
tail- left T12

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20
Q

where is the duodenum-jejunal junction

A

L2/3

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21
Q

where is the bifurcation of the aorta

A

L4 (sternal angle)

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22
Q

what are the 3 arteries supplying the abdomen and where do they come off of the abdominal aorta

A

celiac- T12
superior mesenteric- L1
inferior mesenteric- L3

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23
Q

what level are the iliac crests

A

L4

24
Q

what are the iliac crests used as a landmark for

A

lumbar puncture

25
Q

where is the liver

A

under ribs and diaphragm- pushed down when diaphragm contracts

26
Q

where is the gallbladder

A

at the midclavicular line

27
Q

what ligaments are on the anterior liver surface

A

falciform ligament

round ligament

28
Q

how is the falciform ligament formed and what does it do

A

fused periotoneal reflections from the left and right sides of the liver that extend anteriorly
divides liver into left and right lobes

29
Q

how is the round ligament formed and what does it do

A

obliterated umbilical vein that extends from the free margin of the liver, inferior to the falciform ligament

30
Q

what part of the gallbladder is visible from an anterior view of the liver

A

fundus

31
Q

what structures are in the porta hepatis

A

hepatic portal vein
proper hepatic artery
common hepatic duct

32
Q

what surrounds the structures in the portal hepatis

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

33
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the liver

A

right
left
quadrate
cuadate

34
Q

where is the quadrate lobe of the liver

A

between the falciform ligament and the gallbladder

35
Q

where is the caudate lobe of the liver

A

between the inferior vena cava and the ligamentum venosum

36
Q

where is the ligamentum venosum

A

directly behind the falciform ligament in the main lobar fissure

37
Q

where do all hepatic veins drain into

A

inferior vena cava

38
Q

where is the bare area of the liver

A

on the visceral aspect, area that is directly against the diaphragm that is not covered by peritoneum

39
Q

where is the coronary ligament and how is it formed

A

reflection of the peritoneum at the bare area

40
Q

what forms the left and right triangular ligament

A

where the peritoneum reflections from the coronary ligament layers meet

41
Q

what is the difference between the hepatic vein and portal vein

A

portal vein- delivers blood to the liver to be filtered
hepatic vein- drains blood into the IVC that supplies nutrients to the liver and what is brought to it by the portal vein

42
Q

where does the blood from the GI tract go

A

portal venous system

43
Q

what arteries go to the liver from the celiac artery

A

common hepatic artery which branches into the proper hepatic arteries (left and right)

44
Q

path of bile

A

hepatic duct- exits liver
cystic duct- enters/exits gallbladder
common bile duct- forms from intersection of hepatic and cystic ducts and empties into the duodenum

45
Q

what is bile for

A

digest fats

46
Q

what is in the portal triad

A

portal vein
bile duct
hepatic artery

47
Q

what is the shape of the gallbladder on US

A

exclamation point- gall bladder is the long part, the portal triad is the dot

48
Q

what is the shape of the portal triad on US

A

mickey mouse
portal vein is the head
hepatic artery and common bile duct are ears

49
Q

where is the spleen

A

posteiror to th emidaxillary line on the left

50
Q

what is Traub’s space

A

left hypochondriac region between lung nd spleen

51
Q

what is splenomegaly

A

enlarged spleen that fills Traub’s space

52
Q

what are the 3 spaces in the peritoneal cavity

A

subphrenic (subdiaphragmatic)
perisplenic
hepatorenal

53
Q

where is the subphrenic space

A

between the liver and diaphragm
connected to the hepatorenal recess
infections here cause referred shoulder pain because the phrenic nerve is supplied by C3,4,5 which also go to the shoulder

54
Q

where is the perisplenic space

A

between the spleen and diaphragm

connected to the pelvic cavity via the left colic gutter

55
Q

where is the hepatorenal space

A

between the liver and right kidney
in contact with subphrenic space
drains into pelvic vacuity via right colic gutter

56
Q

what are the lower points peritoneal spaces in the supine position

A

hepatorenal space and pelvic cavity–where all the fluid pools

HS Exam 2 (24 decks)

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