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HS Exam 2 > Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

what spaces is the retroperitoneal space continuous with

A

pelvic cavity
diaphragm
subserous fascia

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2
Q

what nerves are associated with the posterior abdominal wall

A

T12-L5

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3
Q

what areas drain lymph through the retroperitoneal space

A

GI tract
pelvis
reproductive organs

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4
Q

what forms the esophageal hiatus

A

right crus of the diaphragm

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5
Q

what for the aortic hiatus

A

right and left crura of the diaphragm

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6
Q

what forms the median arcuate ligament?

A

right and left crura of diaphragm

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7
Q

tendinous arches of the diaphragm

A

meidan, medial and lateral form as thickenings of transferals fascia

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8
Q

what is the blood supply to the diaphragm

A

superior- pericardiacophrenic, musculophrenic

inferior- inferior phrenic from aorta

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9
Q

what is the innervation of the diaphragm

A

motor and sensory- phrenic (C3,4,5)

intercostals- sensory

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10
Q

where is the referred pain location for the diaphragm

A

shoulder

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11
Q

where are the 3 openings in the diaphragm and what goes through them

A

T8- IVC
T10- esophagus
T12- aorta

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12
Q

where is the median arcuate ligament

A

aortic hiatus

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13
Q

where is the medial arcuate ligament

A

over psoas major

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14
Q

where is the lateral arcuate ligament

A

over quadratus lumborum

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15
Q

what main structures pass through the diaphragm and where do they go through

A

IVC- T8
esophagus- T10
aorta- T12

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16
Q

what passes through the esophageal hiatus

A

esophagus

vagus trunks

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17
Q

what passes through the aortic hiatus

A

aorta
thoracic duct
sometimes the asecending lumbar veins

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18
Q

what passes through the crura of the diaphragm

A

greater and lesser splanchnic nerves

sometimes the ascending lumbar veins

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19
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

quardatus lumborum
posts major
psoas minor (sometimes)
iliacus

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20
Q

where is the quadratus lumborum muscle and what does it form

A

superior to the iliac crest

forms lateral arcuate ligament

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21
Q

function of the quadrates lumborum muscle

A

flex trunk

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22
Q

where is the posterior major muscle and what does it form

A

next to spine

forms medial arcuate ligament

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23
Q

function of posts major

A

hip flexor

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24
Q

where is the posterior minor muscle and what does it form

A

tendon on top of psoas major
may be missing
forms medial arcuate ligament

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25
Q

function of psoas minor

A

hip flexor

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26
Q

where is the iliac muscle

A

in the iliac fossa

27
Q

function of iliac muscle

A

hip flexor

28
Q

what does the subcostal nerve supply

A

T12- hypogastric region

29
Q

where is the iliohypogastric nerve

A

L1- lowest cutaneous nerve on the abdomen

30
Q

where is the ilioinguinal nerve and what does it supply

A

L1- in the inguinal canal
skin of scrotum and medial thigh
sensory aspect of cremaster reflex

31
Q

where is the genitofemoral nerve and what does it supplly

A

L1-2 on the surface of the psoas muscle

splits into 2 nerves- genital and femoral branches

32
Q

where is the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve and what does it do

A

medial branch of genitofemoral nerve
in the spermatic cord
supplies the cremaster reflex

33
Q

where is the femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

A

lateral branch of genitofemoral nerve

goes to medial thigh to assist in cremaster reflex

34
Q

what does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve supply

A

L3-4, anterior superior iliac spine

35
Q

where is the femoral nerve and what does it supply

A

L2-4 posteiror and lateral to psoas

hip flexors and knee extensors

36
Q

where is the obturator nerve and what does it supply

A

L2-4, exits obturator foramen and supplies the adductors

37
Q

where is the lumbosacral trunk

A

L4-5 on the surface of the sacrum

gives off sciatic nerve

38
Q

what is Gerota’s fascia

A

surrounds the kidneys
closed superiorly and laterally, but opened inferiorly and medially so blood and urine can move between left and right and drain into the pelvic cavity

39
Q

what covers kidneys

A

periphrenic fat and Gerona’s fascia

40
Q

where is the right kidney

A

T12-L3 (due to liver)

41
Q

where is the left kidney

A

T11-L2

42
Q

why are the right renal artery and left renal vein longer than their partners

A

aorta is on left

IVC is on right

43
Q

nutcracker relationship

A

the left renal vein is between the SMA and the aorta

can increase the pressure in the left gonadal vein and cause a varicocele

44
Q

what is the right kidney in contact with

A 
liver
ascending colon
ileum
duodenum
suprarenal gland
45
Q

what is the left kidney in contact with

A 
stomach
spleen
pancreas
transverse mesocolon
descending colon
jejunum
suprarenal gland
46
Q

what are the 5 segmental branches of the renal artery

A 
apical- top most anteriorly 
anterior superior- second anteriorly
anterior inferior- third anteriorly
inferior- last anteirorly
posterior- goes to posterior side
47
Q

what is the order of vessels from the renal artery

A

segmental–> interlobar–> arcuate–> interlobular–> afferent arteriole–> glomerulus–> efferent arteriole

48
Q

what is the innervation of the kidney

A

least splanchnic nerve

49
Q

where does the ureter exit the kidney

A

at the hilum, most posterior structure

50
Q

why does compression of the left renal vein cause a varicocele

A

the left gonadal vein drains into the left renal vein before reaching the IVC
compression of the left renal vein backs up the blood into the left gonadal vein

51
Q

describe the path of the ureter

A

passes posteriorly to the gonadal vessels

passes anteriorly to common iliac vessels, lateral to the internal iliac vessels to enter the pelvis

52
Q

what is the blood supply of the ureters while they are in the retroperitoneum and from where does the blood supply originate (significance?)

A

renal artery
gonadal artery
aorta
originates medially- reflect the ureters medially here

53
Q

what is the blood supply of the ureters while they are in the pelvis and from where does the blood supply originate (significance?)

A

vesicle artery
uterine artery
middle rectal artery
originates laterally- reflect ureters laterally here

54
Q

what are the 3 points where kidney stones are most likely to get stuck

A

ureteropelvic junction
crossing iliac vessels
ureterovesicle junction

55
Q

what is the arterial supply to the suprarenal gland

A

branches of inferior phrenic, aorta, renal

56
Q

what is the venous supply draining the suprarenal galnd

A

1 vein
right- IVC
left- drains to renal vein

57
Q

what is the innervation of the suprarenal glands

A

preganglionic fibers (lesser and least splanchnic T10-T12) that do not synapse at the ganglion but go directly to chromatin cells of medulla

58
Q

what is the name for kidney stones

A

renal calculi

59
Q

what is the innervation to the ureter

A

T11-L2

60
Q

where is referred pain for the kidney/ureter

A

starts on side and then goes inferiorly down around back

61
Q

path of metastasis of left bladder cancer

A

left iliac–> paraaortic–> aortic-> interaorticocaval

62
Q

path of metastasis for right bladder cancer

A

right paracaval-> interaorticocaval-> aortic-> left para-aortic

63
Q

drainage path of things superior to umbilicus

A

superior to parasternal and axillary nodes

64
Q

drainage path of things inferior to umbilicus

A

skin and superficial fascia- inferior to inguinal nodes

muscle- exteral iliac nodes via inferior epigastric and deep iliac circumflex

HS Exam 2 (24 decks)

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