Development of Great Vessels

Question 1

when does vasculature start to develop

Answer 1

middle of week 3

Question 2

what does the heart come from

Answer 2

splanchnic mesoderm

Question 3

dorsal mesocardium

Answer 3

holds the primitive heart tube against the pericardial cavity
forms the transverse pericardial sinus

Question 4

what forms the epicardium

Answer 4

atrial cells

Question 5

ventrical region

Answer 5

bulbus cordis and primative ventricle

Question 6

atrial region

Answer 6

primative atrium and sinus venosus

Question 7

movement of ventricular region

Answer 7

down and right

Question 8

movement of atrial region

Answer 8

up and left

Question 9

dextrocardia

Answer 9

looping in the opposite direction resulting in heart on the right

Question 10

what is cardiac looping for

Answer 10

basic heart shape
puts the heart on the left
creases and colds that make regions more recognizable

Question 11

truncus arteriosus (distal) of the bulbus cordis forms

Answer 11

roots/proximal part of aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 12

conus cordis (middle) of the bulbs cordis becomes forms

Answer 12

outflow tracts of ventricles
RV- conus arteriosus
LV aortic vestibule

Question 13

proximal part of bulbus cords becomes the

Answer 13

trabeculated portion of RV

Question 14

primitive ventricle forms the

Answer 14

trabeculated portion of LV

Question 15

primitive atrium forms the

Answer 15

trabeculated portion of RA and LA

Question 16

sinus venous forms the

Answer 16

smooth part of RA (sinus venarum) and the coronary sinus

Question 17

aortic sac

Answer 17

distal truncus arteriosus

Question 18

left aortic arch 4 becomes

Answer 18

aortic arch- from left common carotid to left subclavian

Question 19

right aortic arch 4 becomes

Answer 19

right subclavian artery

Question 20

left aortic arch 6 becomes

Answer 20

ductus arterioles and left pulmonary artery

Question 21

right aortic arch 6 becomes

Answer 21

right pulmonary artery

Question 22

what do aortic arches travel with

Answer 22

pharyngeal arches

Question 23

what does the aortic arch form

Answer 23

brachiocephalic trunk and proximal aortic arch

Question 24

umbilical arteries

Answer 24

start from the dorsal aorta and supply placenta
then make connection with the common iliac artery and lose the original connection
persist proximally as superior vesicle arteries and the distal parts obliterate and form the medial umbilical ligaments

Question 25

vitalline arteries

Answer 25

supply yolk sac and then fuse to for the arteries of dorsal gut mesentery (celiac trunk, SMA, IMA)

Question 26

septum transversum

Answer 26

anchoring of the venous pole | becomes the central tendon of the diaphragm and the pericardial sac attachment site

Question 27

what 3 veins drain into the sinus venosus

Answer 27

cardinal vitelline umbilical

Question 28

cardinal veins

Answer 28

drain deoxygenated blood from embryo body | become the caval system (IVC, SVC)

Question 29

vitelline veins

Answer 29

drain deoxygenated blood from yolk sac | becomes the hepatic portal system

Question 30

umblical veins

Answer 30

brings oxygenated blood from the placenta to the embryo right- round ligament of the liver left- degenerates

Question 31

what forms septa

Answer 31

endocardial cushions

Question 32

atrioventricular septum formation

Answer 32

ventral and dorsal endocardial cushions

Question 33

valve formation between atria and ventricles

Answer 33

superior and inferior endocardial cushions

Question 34

atria septum formation

Answer 34

2 septa from the roof to form an overlapping valve

Question 35

septa primum

Answer 35

grows down from superior AV endocardial cushions to meet the atrioventricular septum (almost)

Question 36

ostium primum

Answer 36

opening between septum primum and endocardial cushions | closed when septa primum fuses with atrioventricular cusions

Question 37

ostium secondum

Answer 37

cell death creates an opening in the supper septum primum

Question 38

septum secundum

Answer 38

grows down from roof next to the septa primum and does not use with the atrioventricular septum

Question 39

foamen ovale

Answer 39

opening in the intra-atrial septa that lets blood through

Question 40

formation of fossa ovalis

Answer 40

LA pressure exceeds RA pressure and closes the foramen ovale

Question 41

ostium secondum defect

Answer 41

atrial septa defect caused by: excessive resorption of septum primum absence of septum secondum or absence of both septa

Question 42

effects of an atrial septa defect

Answer 42

blood shunted from LA to RA resulting in overloading of the RA, RV and pulmonary arteries which causes pulmonary hypertension

Question 43

patent foramen ovale

Answer 43

incomeplete fusion of septa after birth | not clinically significant

Question 44

formation of septum between aorta and pulmonary trunk

Answer 44

endocardial cushions in conus cordis and truncus arteriosus form and grow toward the midline, fuse and spiral around each other 180 degrees --> why aorta and pulmonary trunk are wrapped around each other pulmonary trunk ends up on right, aorta ends up on left pulmonary trunk is anterior, aorta is posterior

Question 45

tetralogy of fallot

Answer 45

``` abnormal neural crest cell migration resulting in anterior displacement of conotruncal septum pulmonary stenosis ventricular septal defect overriding aorta right ventricular hypertrophy ```

Question 46

formation intraventricular septum

Answer 46

down growth of endocardial cushions form the membranous part | upgrowth from inferior wall form the muscular part

Question 47

ventricular septum defect

Answer 47

most common abnormality-- abnormal membranous part of septum | leads to L to R shunt and pulmonary hypertension

Question 48

persistant truncus arteriosus

Answer 48

abnormal crest cell migration which results in partial development of the conotruncal septum--> 1 trunk leaves always combined with a VSD

Question 49

transposition of great vessels

Answer 49

nonspirnal development of conotruncal septum resulting in aorta coming from RV and pulmonary trunk coming from RV

Question 50

ductus venosus

Answer 50

bypasses liver by connecting the umbilical vein to the iVC regulates flow into heart when maternal intraabdominal pressure changes becomes ligament venosus

Question 51

foramen ovale

Answer 51

bypasses lungs by connecting RA to LA | becomes fossa ovalis

Question 52

ductus arteriosus

Answer 52

connects pulmonary trunk with aorta | becomes ligament arteriosus

Question 53

patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 53

most frequent abnormality | failure of ductus arterioles to close resulting in oxygenated blood from aorta going into pulmonary artery