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HS Exam 2 > Development of Great Vessels > Flashcards

Development of Great Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

when does vasculature start to develop

A

middle of week 3

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2
Q

what does the heart come from

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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3
Q

dorsal mesocardium

A

holds the primitive heart tube against the pericardial cavity
forms the transverse pericardial sinus

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4
Q

what forms the epicardium

A

atrial cells

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5
Q

ventrical region

A

bulbus cordis and primative ventricle

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6
Q

atrial region

A

primative atrium and sinus venosus

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7
Q

movement of ventricular region

A

down and right

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8
Q

movement of atrial region

A

up and left

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9
Q

dextrocardia

A

looping in the opposite direction resulting in heart on the right

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10
Q

what is cardiac looping for

A

basic heart shape
puts the heart on the left
creases and colds that make regions more recognizable

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11
Q

truncus arteriosus (distal) of the bulbus cordis forms

A

roots/proximal part of aorta and pulmonary trunk

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12
Q

conus cordis (middle) of the bulbs cordis becomes forms

A

outflow tracts of ventricles
RV- conus arteriosus
LV aortic vestibule

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13
Q

proximal part of bulbus cords becomes the

A

trabeculated portion of RV

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14
Q

primitive ventricle forms the

A

trabeculated portion of LV

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15
Q

primitive atrium forms the

A

trabeculated portion of RA and LA

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16
Q

sinus venous forms the

A

smooth part of RA (sinus venarum) and the coronary sinus

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17
Q

aortic sac

A

distal truncus arteriosus

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18
Q

left aortic arch 4 becomes

A

aortic arch- from left common carotid to left subclavian

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19
Q

right aortic arch 4 becomes

A

right subclavian artery

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20
Q

left aortic arch 6 becomes

A

ductus arterioles and left pulmonary artery

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21
Q

right aortic arch 6 becomes

A

right pulmonary artery

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22
Q

what do aortic arches travel with

A

pharyngeal arches

23
Q

what does the aortic arch form

A

brachiocephalic trunk and proximal aortic arch

24
Q

umbilical arteries

A

start from the dorsal aorta and supply placenta
then make connection with the common iliac artery and lose the original connection
persist proximally as superior vesicle arteries and the distal parts obliterate and form the medial umbilical ligaments

25
Q

vitalline arteries

A

supply yolk sac and then fuse to for the arteries of dorsal gut mesentery (celiac trunk, SMA, IMA)

26
Q

septum transversum

A

anchoring of the venous pole

becomes the central tendon of the diaphragm and the pericardial sac attachment site

27
Q

what 3 veins drain into the sinus venosus

A

cardinal
vitelline
umbilical

28
Q

cardinal veins

A

drain deoxygenated blood from embryo body

become the caval system (IVC, SVC)

29
Q

vitelline veins

A

drain deoxygenated blood from yolk sac

becomes the hepatic portal system

30
Q

umblical veins

A

brings oxygenated blood from the placenta to the embryo
right- round ligament of the liver
left- degenerates

31
Q

what forms septa

A

endocardial cushions

32
Q

atrioventricular septum formation

A

ventral and dorsal endocardial cushions

33
Q

valve formation between atria and ventricles

A

superior and inferior endocardial cushions

34
Q

atria septum formation

A

2 septa from the roof to form an overlapping valve

35
Q

septa primum

A

grows down from superior AV endocardial cushions to meet the atrioventricular septum (almost)

36
Q

ostium primum

A

opening between septum primum and endocardial cushions

closed when septa primum fuses with atrioventricular cusions

37
Q

ostium secondum

A

cell death creates an opening in the supper septum primum

38
Q

septum secundum

A

grows down from roof next to the septa primum and does not use with the atrioventricular septum

39
Q

foamen ovale

A

opening in the intra-atrial septa that lets blood through

40
Q

formation of fossa ovalis

A

LA pressure exceeds RA pressure and closes the foramen ovale

41
Q

ostium secondum defect

A

atrial septa defect caused by:
excessive resorption of septum primum
absence of septum secondum or absence of both septa

42
Q

effects of an atrial septa defect

A

blood shunted from LA to RA resulting in overloading of the RA, RV and pulmonary arteries which causes pulmonary hypertension

43
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

incomeplete fusion of septa after birth

not clinically significant

44
Q

formation of septum between aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

endocardial cushions in conus cordis and truncus arteriosus form and grow toward the midline, fuse and spiral around each other 180 degrees
–> why aorta and pulmonary trunk are wrapped around each other
pulmonary trunk ends up on right, aorta ends up on left
pulmonary trunk is anterior, aorta is posterior

45
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A 
abnormal neural crest cell migration resulting in anterior displacement of conotruncal septum
pulmonary stenosis
ventricular septal defect
overriding aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy
46
Q

formation intraventricular septum

A

down growth of endocardial cushions form the membranous part

upgrowth from inferior wall form the muscular part

47
Q

ventricular septum defect

A

most common abnormality– abnormal membranous part of septum

leads to L to R shunt and pulmonary hypertension

48
Q

persistant truncus arteriosus

A

abnormal crest cell migration which results in partial development of the conotruncal septum–> 1 trunk leaves
always combined with a VSD

49
Q

transposition of great vessels

A

nonspirnal development of conotruncal septum resulting in aorta coming from RV and pulmonary trunk coming from RV

50
Q

ductus venosus

A

bypasses liver by connecting the umbilical vein to the iVC
regulates flow into heart when maternal intraabdominal pressure changes
becomes ligament venosus

51
Q

foramen ovale

A

bypasses lungs by connecting RA to LA

becomes fossa ovalis

52
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

connects pulmonary trunk with aorta

becomes ligament arteriosus

53
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

most frequent abnormality

failure of ductus arterioles to close resulting in oxygenated blood from aorta going into pulmonary artery

HS Exam 2 (24 decks)

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