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HS Exam 2 > Male Repro Histology > Flashcards

Male Repro Histology Flashcards

1
Q

mesonephric ducts

A

male- wolffian ducts

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2
Q

paramesonephric ducts

A

female- mullarian ducts

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3
Q

cloacal folds and genital tubercle

A

external genitalia

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4
Q

testis septa

A

divides into lobules

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5
Q

testis mediastinum

A

posterior thickening

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6
Q

spermatogenesis

A

meiotic division + spermiogenesis

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7
Q

spermiogenesis

A

maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa

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8
Q

spermatagonia type Ad

A

undergo mitosis

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9
Q

spermatagonia type Ap

A

undergo mitosis, but are closer to starting meiosis

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10
Q

spermatogonia type B

A

meiosis

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11
Q

progression of spermatogonia

A

spermatogonia–> primary spermatocyte–> secondary spermatocyte–> spermatids-> spermatozoa

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12
Q

spermatagonia

A

small cells with pale nucleus
found along basal lamina
2 copies of diploid genome

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13
Q

primary spermacyte

A

large cells with chromosome coiling
will be most of cells present
2 copies of diploid genome

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14
Q

secondary spermatocyte

A

smaller, not usually seen

1 copy of diploid genome

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15
Q

early spermatid

A

small, condensed chromatin
close to the lumen
1 copy of haploid genome

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16
Q

late spermatid

A

lost cytoplasm, developed a flagellum, condensed nucleus
heads in stroll cells and tails in lumen
1 copy of haploid genome

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17
Q

3 phases of spermatogenesis and significant event in each

A

golgi phase- acrosomal granule is formed, flagellum starts to form
acrosomal phase- acrosomal cap formed over nucleus, flagellum elongates, nucleus condenses
maturation- extra cytoplasm shed, spermatozoa released into seminiferous tubule lumen

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18
Q

parts of the spermatozoa

A

head- nucleus with acrosome
neck- centriole location
tail- complicated

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19
Q

parts of the tail of a spermatozoa

A

midpiece- axoneme, mitochondria, outer dense fibers
principal- axoneme, outer dense fibers, circular fibers
tail- axoneme

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20
Q

axoneme

A

microtubules surrounded by proteins that form the flagellum

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21
Q

significant feature of sertoli cells

A

prominent nucleolus

22
Q

secretions of sertoli cells and their roles

A

androgen binding protein- binds androgens
inhibin/activin- control spermatogenesis
AMH- promotes mullarian duct regression

23
Q

blood testis barrier

A

sertoli cells connected by zonula occludins

24
Q

cells in the interstitium of testis

A

myoid cells- contractile function to push spermatozoa out of seminiferous tubules
interstitial cells of leydig- secrete testosterone

25
Q

roles of testosterone throughout life

A

8-18wks fetal- mesonephric duct development
- converted to DHT for external genitalia development
puberty- spermatogenesis, libido, secondary sex characterstics, function of accessory glands

26
Q

path of spermatozoa after leaving seminerferous tubules

A

straight tubules–> rete testis–> efferent ducts

27
Q

function of efferent ducts

A

transport spermatozoa

28
Q

sperm storage site

A

tail of epididymis

29
Q

lining of duct system

A

rete testis- simple cuboidal with cilia/microvili

efferent ducts- pseudostratified columnar with cilia or cuboidal

30
Q

lining of epididymis

A

pseudo stratified columnar- height decreases distally

31
Q

decapacitation

A

addition of a glycoprotein coat to spermatozoa in the epididymis to prevent immunological attack

32
Q

where do sperm gain motility

A

epididymis

33
Q

path of ductus deferens

A

up from epididymis, through inguinal canal, passes posteriorly to urinary bladder and meets with seminal vesicle duct to form ejaculatory duct

34
Q

what is in seminal vesicle secretions

A

sugars, amino acids, prostaglandins, coagulation proteins

35
Q

appearance of ductus deferens

A

3 layers of smooth muscle
thick walled smaller lumen
lined with pseudo stratified columnar

36
Q

compartments and contents of the blood testis barrier

A

basal- spermatogonia and primary spermocytes

adluminal- everything else

37
Q

clinical zones of prostate- what are they for?

A 
periurethral zone- around urethra
central zone- outside periurethral zone
transitional-
peripheral
describing tumor location- peripheral ones have to be big to affect the urethra
38
Q

corpora amylacea

A

accumulation of fluids in the prostate

39
Q

what does the prostate secrete

A

alkaline fluid to neutralize the vagina
PSA
citric acid
fibrinolysin

40
Q

marker of prostatic cancer

A

prostatic specific antigen- spills over into blood with prostatic cancer

41
Q

sympathetic innervation to ______ causes ejaculation

A

epididymis, ductus deferns, seminal vesicle, prostate gland

42
Q

what is released from bulbourethral glands

A

pre-ejaculatory fluid into the penile urethra to prep it for spermatozoa

43
Q

arousal is from

A

parasympathetic simulation via dorsal nerve of the penis releasing NO which results in dilation of the helicine arteries and relaxation of vascular sinuses

44
Q

orchitis

A

inflamation of the testis caused by infection

45
Q

granulomatosus orchitis

A

testicular inflammation caused by trauma with proliferation of capillaries and immune cells

46
Q

torsion

A

twisting of spermatic cord, cutting off blood supply to the testicals

47
Q

testicular cancer types

A

seminoas- from spermatogenic cells

non- seminoas- from elsewhere

48
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

glandular cell hypertrophy caused by DHT conversion in stream cells

49
Q

adenocarcinoma of prostate

A

from glandular cells of the prostate

usually in peripheral zone

50
Q

squamous cell carcinoma of penis

A

usually in glans or prepuce

HS Exam 2 (24 decks)

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