Male Repro Histology Flashcards
mesonephric ducts
male- wolffian ducts
paramesonephric ducts
female- mullarian ducts
cloacal folds and genital tubercle
external genitalia
testis septa
divides into lobules
testis mediastinum
posterior thickening
spermatogenesis
meiotic division + spermiogenesis
spermiogenesis
maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa
spermatagonia type Ad
undergo mitosis
spermatagonia type Ap
undergo mitosis, but are closer to starting meiosis
spermatogonia type B
meiosis
progression of spermatogonia
spermatogonia–> primary spermatocyte–> secondary spermatocyte–> spermatids-> spermatozoa
spermatagonia
small cells with pale nucleus
found along basal lamina
2 copies of diploid genome
primary spermacyte
large cells with chromosome coiling
will be most of cells present
2 copies of diploid genome
secondary spermatocyte
smaller, not usually seen
1 copy of diploid genome
early spermatid
small, condensed chromatin
close to the lumen
1 copy of haploid genome
late spermatid
lost cytoplasm, developed a flagellum, condensed nucleus
heads in stroll cells and tails in lumen
1 copy of haploid genome
3 phases of spermatogenesis and significant event in each
golgi phase- acrosomal granule is formed, flagellum starts to form
acrosomal phase- acrosomal cap formed over nucleus, flagellum elongates, nucleus condenses
maturation- extra cytoplasm shed, spermatozoa released into seminiferous tubule lumen
parts of the spermatozoa
head- nucleus with acrosome
neck- centriole location
tail- complicated
parts of the tail of a spermatozoa
midpiece- axoneme, mitochondria, outer dense fibers
principal- axoneme, outer dense fibers, circular fibers
tail- axoneme
axoneme
microtubules surrounded by proteins that form the flagellum
significant feature of sertoli cells
prominent nucleolus
secretions of sertoli cells and their roles
androgen binding protein- binds androgens
inhibin/activin- control spermatogenesis
AMH- promotes mullarian duct regression
blood testis barrier
sertoli cells connected by zonula occludins
cells in the interstitium of testis
myoid cells- contractile function to push spermatozoa out of seminiferous tubules
interstitial cells of leydig- secrete testosterone
roles of testosterone throughout life
8-18wks fetal- mesonephric duct development
- converted to DHT for external genitalia development
puberty- spermatogenesis, libido, secondary sex characterstics, function of accessory glands
path of spermatozoa after leaving seminerferous tubules
straight tubules–> rete testis–> efferent ducts
function of efferent ducts
transport spermatozoa
sperm storage site
tail of epididymis
lining of duct system
rete testis- simple cuboidal with cilia/microvili
efferent ducts- pseudostratified columnar with cilia or cuboidal
lining of epididymis
pseudo stratified columnar- height decreases distally
decapacitation
addition of a glycoprotein coat to spermatozoa in the epididymis to prevent immunological attack
where do sperm gain motility
epididymis
path of ductus deferens
up from epididymis, through inguinal canal, passes posteriorly to urinary bladder and meets with seminal vesicle duct to form ejaculatory duct
what is in seminal vesicle secretions
sugars, amino acids, prostaglandins, coagulation proteins
appearance of ductus deferens
3 layers of smooth muscle
thick walled smaller lumen
lined with pseudo stratified columnar
compartments and contents of the blood testis barrier
basal- spermatogonia and primary spermocytes
adluminal- everything else
clinical zones of prostate- what are they for?
periurethral zone- around urethra central zone- outside periurethral zone transitional- peripheral describing tumor location- peripheral ones have to be big to affect the urethra
corpora amylacea
accumulation of fluids in the prostate
what does the prostate secrete
alkaline fluid to neutralize the vagina
PSA
citric acid
fibrinolysin
marker of prostatic cancer
prostatic specific antigen- spills over into blood with prostatic cancer
sympathetic innervation to ______ causes ejaculation
epididymis, ductus deferns, seminal vesicle, prostate gland
what is released from bulbourethral glands
pre-ejaculatory fluid into the penile urethra to prep it for spermatozoa
arousal is from
parasympathetic simulation via dorsal nerve of the penis releasing NO which results in dilation of the helicine arteries and relaxation of vascular sinuses
orchitis
inflamation of the testis caused by infection
granulomatosus orchitis
testicular inflammation caused by trauma with proliferation of capillaries and immune cells
torsion
twisting of spermatic cord, cutting off blood supply to the testicals
testicular cancer types
seminoas- from spermatogenic cells
non- seminoas- from elsewhere
benign prostatic hypertrophy
glandular cell hypertrophy caused by DHT conversion in stream cells
adenocarcinoma of prostate
from glandular cells of the prostate
usually in peripheral zone
squamous cell carcinoma of penis
usually in glans or prepuce
