placenta Flashcards
what liquifies semen after coagulation
prostatic secretions
role of seminal fulid
buffer vagina
role of glycoprotein coat
protects sperm from vaginal immune system
motorway mucosa
thin mucus present during ovulation
capacitation
loss of glycoprotein coat covering sperm once they get into the uterine tube
hyperactivation
calcium influx once the glycoprotein coat is made permeable
increases motility
acrosomal reaction
sperm binds to receptors on zona pellucida and the acrosomal enzymes are released which break down the zone pellucida
when is meiosis 2 finished
when sperm binds to the oocyte plasma membrane
what prevents polyspermy
oocyte activation which induces granule release
cortical reaction
proteases from cortical granules induces changes in the zone pellucid and oocyte membrane to prevent multiple sperm from penetrating
cytotrophoblasts-
inner cell layer of the trophoblast, around blastocele
syncytial trophoblast
outer cell layer of trophoblast that invades the endometrium during fertilization
secretes hCG, estrogen, and progesterone
what are lacunae
location of maternal blood pooling
primary villi
projections of trophoblast into lacunae (syncytial trophoblast with cellular/cytotrophoblast in center)
decidua
endometrium after blastocyst implants
basalis, capsularis, parietalis
decidua basalis
endometrium between the developing embryo and myometrium
decidua capsularis
endometrium between surrounding the blastocyst that isn’t next to myometrium
decidua parietalis
rest of the endometrial lining
amniotic cavity
lined with extra-embryonic ectoderm, develops over the epiblast layer
yolk sac
lined with extra-embryonic endoderm, develops from hypoblast
allantois
extension of the hindgut between the amnionic cavity and yolk sac that is lined with extra-embryonic endoderm
chorion
trophoblast and adjacent mesoderm
what forms the placenta
chorion next to the decade basalis
secondary vili
mesoderm pushes into primary vili
mesoderm surrounded by cellular trophoblast and outer layer of syncytial trophoblast
tertiary vili
mesoderm in secondary vili differentiates into blood vessels and fetal blood develops
parts of the placenta and origin
chorion- fetal
decidua basalis- maternal
umbilical cord development
allantois covered by mesoderm elongates, forming the body stalk
body stalk and yolk sac combine, forming the umbilical cord
mesoderm forms the blood vessels (2 arteries, 1 vein)
fetal circulation path
uterine lacunae chorionic villus chorionic capillaries umbilcal vein- carry oxygenated blood fetus umbilical arteries- carry deoxygenated blood
placenta insufficiency
failure to thrive due to exchange issues
intrauterine growth restriction
can be caused by placenta insufficiency
marginal placenta previa
abnormal positioning of the placenta near the cervix
complete placenta previa
abnormal positioning of the placenta over the cervis
placenta abruption
decidua basalis hemorrhage leading to premature placental separation
gestational trophoblastic disease
hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy)- uterus gets signal for implantation but there is no embryo development
ends up with mass of tissue secreting hCG
can underogo neoplasia leading to choriocarcinoma
