placenta Flashcards

1
Q

what liquifies semen after coagulation

A

prostatic secretions

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2
Q

role of seminal fulid

A

buffer vagina

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3
Q

role of glycoprotein coat

A

protects sperm from vaginal immune system

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4
Q

motorway mucosa

A

thin mucus present during ovulation

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5
Q

capacitation

A

loss of glycoprotein coat covering sperm once they get into the uterine tube

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6
Q

hyperactivation

A

calcium influx once the glycoprotein coat is made permeable

increases motility

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7
Q

acrosomal reaction

A

sperm binds to receptors on zona pellucida and the acrosomal enzymes are released which break down the zone pellucida

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8
Q

when is meiosis 2 finished

A

when sperm binds to the oocyte plasma membrane

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9
Q

what prevents polyspermy

A

oocyte activation which induces granule release

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10
Q

cortical reaction

A

proteases from cortical granules induces changes in the zone pellucid and oocyte membrane to prevent multiple sperm from penetrating

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11
Q

cytotrophoblasts-

A

inner cell layer of the trophoblast, around blastocele

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12
Q

syncytial trophoblast

A

outer cell layer of trophoblast that invades the endometrium during fertilization
secretes hCG, estrogen, and progesterone

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13
Q

what are lacunae

A

location of maternal blood pooling

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14
Q

primary villi

A

projections of trophoblast into lacunae (syncytial trophoblast with cellular/cytotrophoblast in center)

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15
Q

decidua

A

endometrium after blastocyst implants

basalis, capsularis, parietalis

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16
Q

decidua basalis

A

endometrium between the developing embryo and myometrium

17
Q

decidua capsularis

A

endometrium between surrounding the blastocyst that isn’t next to myometrium

18
Q

decidua parietalis

A

rest of the endometrial lining

19
Q

amniotic cavity

A

lined with extra-embryonic ectoderm, develops over the epiblast layer

20
Q

yolk sac

A

lined with extra-embryonic endoderm, develops from hypoblast

21
Q

allantois

A

extension of the hindgut between the amnionic cavity and yolk sac that is lined with extra-embryonic endoderm

22
Q

chorion

A

trophoblast and adjacent mesoderm

23
Q

what forms the placenta

A

chorion next to the decade basalis

24
Q

secondary vili

A

mesoderm pushes into primary vili

mesoderm surrounded by cellular trophoblast and outer layer of syncytial trophoblast

25
Q

tertiary vili

A

mesoderm in secondary vili differentiates into blood vessels and fetal blood develops

26
Q

parts of the placenta and origin

A

chorion- fetal

decidua basalis- maternal

27
Q

umbilical cord development

A

allantois covered by mesoderm elongates, forming the body stalk
body stalk and yolk sac combine, forming the umbilical cord
mesoderm forms the blood vessels (2 arteries, 1 vein)

28
Q

fetal circulation path

A
uterine
lacunae
chorionic villus
chorionic capillaries
umbilcal vein- carry oxygenated blood
fetus
umbilical arteries- carry deoxygenated blood
29
Q

placenta insufficiency

A

failure to thrive due to exchange issues

30
Q

intrauterine growth restriction

A

can be caused by placenta insufficiency

31
Q

marginal placenta previa

A

abnormal positioning of the placenta near the cervix

32
Q

complete placenta previa

A

abnormal positioning of the placenta over the cervis

33
Q

placenta abruption

A

decidua basalis hemorrhage leading to premature placental separation

34
Q

gestational trophoblastic disease

A

hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy)- uterus gets signal for implantation but there is no embryo development
ends up with mass of tissue secreting hCG
can underogo neoplasia leading to choriocarcinoma