placenta

Question 1

what liquifies semen after coagulation

Answer 1

prostatic secretions

Question 2

role of seminal fulid

Answer 2

buffer vagina

Question 3

role of glycoprotein coat

Answer 3

protects sperm from vaginal immune system

Question 4

motorway mucosa

Answer 4

thin mucus present during ovulation

Question 5

capacitation

Answer 5

loss of glycoprotein coat covering sperm once they get into the uterine tube

Question 6

hyperactivation

Answer 6

calcium influx once the glycoprotein coat is made permeable

increases motility

Question 7

acrosomal reaction

Answer 7

sperm binds to receptors on zona pellucida and the acrosomal enzymes are released which break down the zone pellucida

Question 8

when is meiosis 2 finished

Answer 8

when sperm binds to the oocyte plasma membrane

Question 9

what prevents polyspermy

Answer 9

oocyte activation which induces granule release

Question 10

cortical reaction

Answer 10

proteases from cortical granules induces changes in the zone pellucid and oocyte membrane to prevent multiple sperm from penetrating

Question 11

cytotrophoblasts-

Answer 11

inner cell layer of the trophoblast, around blastocele

Question 12

syncytial trophoblast

Answer 12

outer cell layer of trophoblast that invades the endometrium during fertilization
secretes hCG, estrogen, and progesterone

Question 13

what are lacunae

Answer 13

location of maternal blood pooling

Question 14

primary villi

Answer 14

projections of trophoblast into lacunae (syncytial trophoblast with cellular/cytotrophoblast in center)

Question 15

decidua

Answer 15

endometrium after blastocyst implants

basalis, capsularis, parietalis

Question 16

decidua basalis

Answer 16

endometrium between the developing embryo and myometrium

Question 17

decidua capsularis

Answer 17

endometrium between surrounding the blastocyst that isn’t next to myometrium

Question 18

decidua parietalis

Answer 18

rest of the endometrial lining

Question 19

amniotic cavity

Answer 19

lined with extra-embryonic ectoderm, develops over the epiblast layer

Question 20

yolk sac

Answer 20

lined with extra-embryonic endoderm, develops from hypoblast

Question 21

allantois

Answer 21

extension of the hindgut between the amnionic cavity and yolk sac that is lined with extra-embryonic endoderm

Question 22

chorion

Answer 22

trophoblast and adjacent mesoderm

Question 23

what forms the placenta

Answer 23

chorion next to the decade basalis

Question 24

secondary vili

Answer 24

mesoderm pushes into primary vili

mesoderm surrounded by cellular trophoblast and outer layer of syncytial trophoblast

Question 25

tertiary vili

Answer 25

mesoderm in secondary vili differentiates into blood vessels and fetal blood develops

Question 26

parts of the placenta and origin

Answer 26

chorion- fetal

decidua basalis- maternal

Question 27

umbilical cord development

Answer 27

allantois covered by mesoderm elongates, forming the body stalk
body stalk and yolk sac combine, forming the umbilical cord
mesoderm forms the blood vessels (2 arteries, 1 vein)

Question 28

fetal circulation path

Answer 28

uterine
lacunae
chorionic villus
chorionic capillaries
umbilcal vein- carry oxygenated blood
fetus
umbilical arteries- carry deoxygenated blood

Question 29

placenta insufficiency

Answer 29

failure to thrive due to exchange issues

Question 30

intrauterine growth restriction

Answer 30

can be caused by placenta insufficiency

Question 31

marginal placenta previa

Answer 31

abnormal positioning of the placenta near the cervix

Question 32

complete placenta previa

Answer 32

abnormal positioning of the placenta over the cervis

Question 33

placenta abruption

Answer 33

decidua basalis hemorrhage leading to premature placental separation

Question 34

gestational trophoblastic disease

Answer 34

hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy)- uterus gets signal for implantation but there is no embryo development
ends up with mass of tissue secreting hCG
can underogo neoplasia leading to choriocarcinoma