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HS Exam 2 > Abdominal Cavity > Flashcards

Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

primary retroperitoneal organs

A 
aorta
IVC
kidney
ureter
suprarenal glands
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2
Q

secondary retroperitoneal organs

A

duodenum
pancreas
ascending colon
descending colon

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3
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity

A

closed sac the surrounds all of the abdominal organs formed by perineum

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4
Q

what are MOLs

A

mesentaries, omentum, ligaments
double layer of peritoneum that connects the visceral organs to the body wall and contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

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5
Q

where are the 3 mesentaries

A

small intestine- connects to the jejunum and ilium
transverse mesocolon- below the transverse colon
sigmoid mesocolon- above sigmoid colon

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6
Q

where are the omenta

A

greater omenta- along greater curvature of stomach

lesser omentum- along lesser curvature of stomach

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7
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity

A

closed space surrounding the organs

**uterine tubes open into it

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8
Q

define peritonitis

A

inflammation of peritoneum caused by infection or spill of GI contents

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9
Q

what is paracentesis

A

insertion of a needle into the peritoneal cavity to remove fluid

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10
Q

what surgical procedures can be done without disrupting the peritoneal cavity

A

bladder
uterine
kidney
suprarenal

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11
Q

what is ascities

A

filling of the peritoneal cavity with fluid

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12
Q

what causes ascities

A

portal hypertension liver disease
peritonitis
cancer
hypoalbuminemia

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13
Q

what are features of ascities that are used to diagnose t

A 
distension and discomfort of abdomen
respiratory difficulty
central tympany- fluid filled areas are dull
shifting dullness
fluid wave
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14
Q

what are the compartments of the peritoneal cavity

A

supracolic
infracolic
omental bursa

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15
Q

location of supra colic compartment

A

superior to the stomach, the transverse colon and the transverse mesocolon
most superficial area, blanket for the alien

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16
Q

location of omental bursa

A

behind the stomach, anterior to pancreas
where the alien sits
extends up behind liver and down in front of the transverse colon, behind the supra colic compartment
accessable via epiploic foreman of winslow
blocked on left by gastrosplenic ligament

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17
Q

location of infracolic compartment

A

below the transverse colon and mesocolon
surrounds the small intestine
alien chair

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18
Q

what is the greater sac

A

supracolic + infracolic compartments

area above and in front of the small and large intestine

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19
Q

what is the lesser sac

A

omental bursa area

where alien sits

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20
Q

infections of which peritoneal cavity space tend to stay confined and why

A

right infra colic space because it is separated from the left by the root of mesentary

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21
Q

what are the paracolic gutters

A

spaces on the outside of the ascending and descending colons that connect to the pelvic cavity

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22
Q

what drains into pelvic cavity

A

left infracolic space
right paracolic space
left paracolic space

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23
Q

where is the hepatorenal recess and why is it significant

A

between the liver and right kidney in the greater sac
significant because it is the lowest point in the peritoneal cavity in the supine position so all the other connecting compartments drain into it
AND the appendix can drain superiorly into it

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24
Q

drainage path of the hepatorenal recess

A

inferiorly via right colic gutter to pelvic cavity

25
Q

what recesses are in communication with each other

A

subphrenic and hepatorenal recesses

26
Q

where is the subphrenic recess and why is it significant

A

above the liver and below diaphragm

if it is inflamed it can irritate the diaphragm and cause a subphrenic access, leading to referred shoulder pain

27
Q

supply of foregut

A

celiac artery

28
Q

supply of midgut

A

superior mesenteric artery

29
Q

supply of hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric artery

30
Q

structures of the foregut

A 
stomach
first and 1/2 second duodenum
liver
gall bladder
spllen
1/2 head, body, tail of pancreas
31
Q

structures of midgut

A 
1/2 second and third duodenum
1/2 head of pancreas
jujunum
ileum
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
2/3 transverse colon
32
Q

structures of hindgut

A 
1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
upper 1/2 anal canal
33
Q

autonomic and referred pain pathway- foregut

A

greater splanchnic nerve T5-9

34
Q

autonomic and referred pain pathway- midgut

A

lesser splanchnic nerve T10-11

35
Q

autonomic and referred pain pathway- hindgut

A

lumbar splanchnic nerve L1-2

pelvic splanchnic nerve S2-4

36
Q

what is formed by the ventral mesentary

A

falciform ligament and lesser omentum

37
Q

what is formed by the dorsal mesentary

A

greater momentum and splenorenal ligament

38
Q

what is the epiploic foreman of winslow

A

communication between the omental bursa and greater sac

39
Q

what is formed by the left side of the peritoneal cavity

A

greater sac

40
Q

what is formed by the right side of peritoneal cavity

A

lesser sac/omental bursa

41
Q

what are the 3 ligaments holding the greater omentum and where are they

A

gastrocolic ligament- along greater curvature
gastrosplenic ligament- left side of greater curvature
gastrophrenic ligament- top of greater curvature

42
Q

what are the 2 ligaments of the lesser omentum and where are they

A

hepatogastric ligament- left side

hepatoduodenal ligament- right side

43
Q

what are the structures in the hepatoduodenal ligament and how are they arranged

A

hepatic artery- left
portal vein- large, posterior
common bile duct- right

44
Q

3 main branches of celiac artery

A

common hepatic
left gastric
splenic

45
Q

branches of common hepatic artery and destinations

A

proper hepatic- goes into liver area
right gastric- right side of lesser curvature
gastroduodenal- passes behind pylorus

46
Q

branches of proper hepatic artery

A

left and right hepatic branches

cystic

47
Q

branches of gastroduodenal artery

A

supraduodenal- superior to duodenum
right gastro-omental artery- right side of greater curvature
superior pancreaticoduodenal artery- supplies duodenum

48
Q

which branches anastamose and where

A

left and right gastric- lesser curvature

left and right gastro-omental- greater curvature

49
Q

what are the branches of the left gastric artery

A

esophageal

50
Q

what are the branches of the splenic artery

A

left gastro-omental- left side of greater curvature
splenic branches- into spleen
short gastric arteries- left side of greater curvature above left GOA
posterior gastric- back of stomach

51
Q

describe stomach rotation

A

left side moves anteriorly
right side moves posteirorly
duodenum moves superiorly and to the right

52
Q

liver development source

A

ventral foregut endoderm

53
Q

pancreas development

A

ventral and dorsal foregut buds
ventral- gives uncinate process of head
dorsal- rest of head, body and tail

54
Q

describe herniation of midgut

A

rotates 270 CCW around the axis of the SMA

  1. 9 week moves into physiological herniation- completely outside- by rotating 90 degrees
  2. 10+ weeks- 180 degree rotation and moves back inside peritoneal cavity
55
Q

how are the secondary retroperitoneal organs formed

A

during midgut rotation they are pushed back into the retroperitoneal space

56
Q

what are the abnormalities that can occur during midgut rotation

A 
failure of rotation
reversal of rotation
Meckel's diverticulum
vitelline cyst, ligaments, fistulas
omphalocele
gastroschisis
57
Q

what is omphalocele

A

failure of the midgut to return to the peritoneal cavity

covered by amniotic membrane

58
Q

what is gastroschisis

A

herniation of stomach and small intestine through a defect in the anterior abdominal wall
not covered by amniotic membrane

59
Q

what happens to the vitalline duct

A

obliterates, but if it doesn’t can fom:
vitalline cyst- enlargment from failure to obliterate completely
vitalline fistulas- no obliteration, abnormal connection between
Meckel’s diverticulum- buldge in small intestine at the attachment of vitalline duct to to stenosis of the duodenum

HS Exam 2 (24 decks)

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