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HS Exam 2 > Gross ID > Flashcards

Gross ID Flashcards

1
Q

falsiform ligament

A

connects anterior abdominal wall to liver surface

divides liver into right and left lobes

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2
Q

median umbilical fold

A 
midline under umbilicus
contains urachus (remnant of allantoic duct)
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3
Q

medial umbilical fold

A

lateral to median umbilical fold

contains remnant of umbilical artery

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4
Q

lateral umbilical fold

A

lateral to medial umbilical fold

over the inferior epigastric artery/vein

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5
Q

peritoneum

A

lines the pelvic and abdominal cavities

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6
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

lines inner surface of the abdominal and pelvic walls

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7
Q

visceral peritoneaum

A

lines surfaces of organs

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8
Q

RUQ organs

A

liver

gallbladder

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9
Q

gallbladder location

A

right 9 costal cartilage at midclavicular line

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10
Q

LUQ organs

A

stomach

spleen

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11
Q

greater omentum

A

attached to lesser curvature of stomach

between intestine and anterior abdominal wall

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12
Q

gastrocolic ligament

A

big part of greater omentum

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13
Q

gastrosplenic ligament

A

aspect of the greater omentum between the stomach and spleen

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14
Q

gastrophrenic ligament

A

aspect of greater momentum between the stomach and the diaphragm

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15
Q

jejunum

A

LUQ

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16
Q

ileum

A

RLQ

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17
Q

hepatic flexture

A

right colic flexture- under liver

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18
Q

splenic flexture

A

left colic flexture- under spleen

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19
Q

lesser omentum

A

around lesser curvature of stomach and part 1 of duodenum to inferior liver surface

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20
Q

parts of greater omentum

A

gastrocolic ligament
gastrophrenic ligament
gastrosplenic ligament

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21
Q

parts of lesser omentum

A

hepatogastric ligament

hepatoduodenal ligament

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22
Q

hepatogastric ligament

A

from liver to lesser curvature of stomach

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23
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament

A

from liver to first part of duodenum

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24
Q

round ligament of the liver

A

inferior edge of falciform ligament

remnant of the umbilical vein

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25
Q

coronary ligament

A

connects liver to diaphragm

surrounds bare area

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26
Q

left/right triangular ligaments

A

between the left/right lobes of liver and diaphragm

folds of coronary ligament

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27
Q

splenorenal ligament

A

spleen to body wall anterior to left kidney

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28
Q

transverse mesocolon

A

attaches the transverse colon to anterior surface of duodenum and pancreas

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29
Q

mesentary

A

suspends jejunum and ileum to posterior wall

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30
Q

epiploic foramen of winslow

A

connects the greater and lesser peritoneal sacs

behind the heptoduodenal ligament

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31
Q

cardia of stomach

A

part right under where the esophagus joins, below cardinal notch

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32
Q

fundus of stomach

A

top

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33
Q

pylorus of stomach

A

meeting between duodenum and stomach

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34
Q

pyloric antrum of stomach

A

wedge between body and pyloric canal

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35
Q

pyloric canal

A

last part of stomach between the pylorus and pyloric antrum

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36
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

inner sphincter in the pylorus of stomach

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37
Q

pyloric orafice

A

opening in the pyloric sphincter

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38
Q

rugae

A

ridges inside stomach

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39
Q

porta hepatis or transverse fissure of the liver

A

fissure on visceral surface of liver that the vessels, ducts, lymphatics, and nerves enter

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40
Q

arrangement of structures in hepatic triad

A

bile duct lateral (right)
hepatic artery proper- left
hepatic portal vein posterior

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41
Q

cystic duct

A

goes from gallbladder to common bile duct

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42
Q

hepatic duct

A

from liver (left and right) to common bile duct

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43
Q

where does cystic artery come from

A

right hepatic artery

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44
Q

where does the right gastric artery come from

A

hepatic artery proper

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45
Q

path of gastroduodenal artery and branches

A

passes posterior to duodenum
right gesture-omental artery
anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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46
Q

where is the left gastric artery

A

along posterior abdominal wall, superior to pancreas (might be impeded in the pancreas)

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47
Q

organs related to visceral surface of the spleen

A

stomach
left kidney
transverse colon
pancreas

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48
Q

ribs associated with diaphragmatic surface of spleen

A

ribs 9, 10, 11

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49
Q

caudate lobe of liver

A

back, BEHIND the gallbladder

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50
Q

quadrate lobe of liver

A

front, next to the gallbladder

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51
Q

right sagittal fissure of liver

A

line formed by gallbladder and IVC

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52
Q

left sagittal fissure of liver

A

ligamentum venosum and falciform ligament gap

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53
Q

path of superior mesenteric artery

A

comes from aorta, passes anterior to unite process of pancreas, third part of duodenum, left renal vein
enters mesentery and heads toward RLQ

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54
Q

branches of the superior mesenteric artery

A

RIGHT
inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery (posterior/anterior)
middle colic
right colic- ascending and descending branches
iliocolic
LEFT
jejunal and ileal arteries (intestinal)

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55
Q

what are the arcades

A

arched arteries connecting the intestinal arteries (jejunum and ileum)
more complicated in the ileum than jejunum

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56
Q

what are straight arteries

A

bits off of the arcades that are perpendicular to the intestine
longer in jejunum, shorter in ileum

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57
Q

what does the iliocolic artery supply

A

cecum

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58
Q

branches of the ileocolic artery

A

colic (top) and ileum (bottom)
appendicular artery off of ill part
anterior and posterior cecal off of ill part
anastomoses with right colic

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59
Q

what are marginal arteries

A

looped parts connecting the colic arteries

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60
Q

what does the right colic artery supply

A

ascending colon

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61
Q

what does the middle colic artery supply

A

transverse colon

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62
Q

where is superior mesenteric vein

A

next to superior mesenteric artery

joins the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein

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63
Q

branches of inferior mesenteric artery

A

left colic- first branch
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery- last branch

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64
Q

what does the SMA supply

A 
jejunum
ileum
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
duodenum
pancreas
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65
Q

what does the IMA supply

A

left 1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

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66
Q

what does the left colic artery supply

A

left 1/2 of transverse
ascending- anastomose with middle colic
descending- anastomose with sigmoid

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67
Q

teniae coli

A

longitudinal muscle on the large intestine

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68
Q

haustra

A

outpouching of large intestine wall

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69
Q

omental appendices

A

fat fingers on large intestine

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70
Q

where are the 4 segments of the duodenum

A

superior- L1, transverse plane
descending- L2, right of midline and anterior to lots
horizontal- L3, anteiror to IVC and aorta
ascending- L2, joins with jejunum at the junction

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71
Q

where do the bile duct and pancreatic duct join the duodenum

A

descending part

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72
Q

parts of the pancreas

A 
head
uncinate process
neck
body
tail
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73
Q

location of the pancreatic head

A

being hugged by the duodenum

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74
Q

location of pancreatic uncinate process

A

little projection off the head that is behind the superior mesenteric vessles

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75
Q

where is the pancreatic neck

A

anterior to the superior mesenteric vessels

76
Q

where is the pancreatic body

A

angled up superiorly crossing midline

77
Q

where is the pancreatic tail

A

on the left, touching the hilum of the spleen

78
Q

where is the main pancreatic duct

A

in the head of the pancreas

79
Q

where is the accessory pancreatic duct

A

joins the superior side of main pancreatic duct (superior to main)

80
Q

branches of the splenic artery supplying the pancreas

A

dorsal pancreatic

greater pancreatic

81
Q

what forms the hepatic portal vein

A

SMV and splenic vein

82
Q

where is the splenic vein

A

posterior to pancreas and inferior to splenic artery

83
Q

where is the gastroesophageal anastamosis

A

left gastric vein
esophageal veins
azygos vein

84
Q

where is the anorectal anastamoses

A

superior, inferior, and middle rectal

85
Q

where is the paraumbilical anastamoses

A

paraumbilical vein/superficial epigastric vein

86
Q

where is the retroperitoneal anastamoses

A

colic veins

retroperitoneal

87
Q

where are the kidneys

A

T12-L3

88
Q

what side is the aorta on

A

left

89
Q

what side is the IVC on

A

right

90
Q

where are the testicular vessels

A

in the deep inguinal canal, cross anterior to ureter

branch from aorta at L2 (below where renal arteries come off)

91
Q

where does the testicular veins drain

A

left- into left renal vein

right- IVC

92
Q

where are the ovarian vessels

A

cross anterior to ureter

L2

93
Q

what drains into the left renal vein

A

left suprarenal vein

left testicular/ovarian

94
Q

where is the left renal vein

A

anterior to both renal arteries and aorta

95
Q

path of ureter in abdomen

A

renal pelvis
posterior to gonaldal vessels
anterior to soas major
posterior to IMA branches

96
Q

branches of the renal artery

A

inferior suprarenal artery

ureteric branch

97
Q

relationships of right kidney

A

right colic flexure
visceral surface of liver
second part of duodenum

98
Q

relationships of left kidney

A

left colic flexure
stomach
pancreas
spleen

99
Q

where do superior suprarenal arteries come from

A

inferior phrenic artery

100
Q

where is inferior phrenic artery

A

off of aorta above celiac trunk

101
Q

where do the middle suprarenal arteries come from

A

from aorta near celiac trunk

102
Q

where do the inferior suprarenal arteries come from

A

renal artery

103
Q

what are the 3 unpaired visceral arteries off of the aorta

A

celiac trunk
SMA
IMA

104
Q

what are the 3 paired visceral arteries off of the aorta

A

middle suprarenal arteries
renal arteries
gonadal

105
Q

what are the paired somatic arteries

A

lumbar arteriers

inferior phrenic arteries

106
Q

where are lumbar arteries

A

4 pairs, go into the posts muscle

107
Q

where does the abdominal aorta end

A

L4

108
Q

things that drain into the IVC

A 
renal vein
suprarenal vein
gonadal vein
*some are indirect via the left renal vein
lumbar vein
inferior phrenic veins
109
Q

shape of left suprarenal gland

A

semilunar

110
Q

shape of right suprarenal gland

A

triangular

111
Q

where is the iliacus

A

iliac fossa, extends to femur

112
Q

where is quadrates lumborum

A

next to spine, out from posts major

stops at iliac crest

113
Q

transversus abdominis

A

lateral posterior wall, under quadratus lumborum

114
Q

where is the genitofemoral nerve

A

anterior surface of psoas major
nerve of lumbar plexus
passes anterior to femoral nerve

115
Q

branches of genitofemoral nerve and destinations

A

genital- goes through deep inguinal ring, motor nerve to cremaster muscle
femoral- under inguinal ligament, supplies skin inferior and medial to inguinal ligament (cremaster reflex)

116
Q

where is the subcostal nerve

A

under rib 12

117
Q

where is the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

A

descend from anterior surface of quadrates lumborum and split at the transversus abdominins

118
Q

where does the ilioinguinal nerve go

A

through the superficial inguinal ring

119
Q

what is innervated by the iliohypogastric nerve

A

skin over pubis

120
Q

what is innervated by the ilioinguinal nerve

A

upper scrotum and base of penis

mons pubis and labia

121
Q

where is the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A

deep to inguinal ligament near anterior thigh

in the iliac fossa anterior to the iliac muscle

122
Q

order of nerves off of the lumbar area

A 
subcostal T12
iliohypogastric L1
ilioinguinal L1
genitofemoral
lateral femoral cutaneous
femoral
obturator
123
Q

pneumonic for nerves off of lumbar plexus

A 
indecent ian gets laid on fridays luckily
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
genitofemoral
lateral femoral cutaneous
obturator
femoral
lumbosacral trunk
124
Q

where is the femoral nerve

A

lateral to posts major, in groove between posts major and iliacus

125
Q

where is the obturator nerve

A

between the psoas major and common iliac vessels

126
Q

where is the lumbosacral trunk

A

large nerve under obturator, starts at L4/5

goes into the pelvis and joins the sacral plexus

127
Q

right crus of diaphragm

A

L1 and L3

opening for esophagus in it

128
Q

left crus of diaphragm

A

L1 and L2

129
Q

where are the arcuate ligaments

A

fascia thickenings below diaphragm

130
Q

lateral arcuate ligament

A

anterior surface of quadrates lumborum

131
Q

medial arcuate ligament

A

anterior surface of psoas major

132
Q

median arcuate ligament

A

anteiror surface of aorta and aortic hiatus

133
Q

diaphragm openings

A

vena cava- T8 central tendon
esophagus- T10 right crus
aorta- T12 behind diaphragm (median arcuate ligament)

134
Q

what does the phrenic nerves do

A

diaphragm

sensory innervation for abdominal and thoracic surfaces

135
Q

where are the splanchnic nerves

A

superior to diaphragm, come off at certain levels

enter the abdomen and combine to form the plexus

136
Q

what are cisterna chyli

A

lymph nodes behind the celiac trunk

137
Q

superior mesenteric plexus

A

around SMA

138
Q

inferior mesenteric plexus

A

around IMA

139
Q

where are the suprarenal veins

A

entering IVC superior to renal veins

140
Q

arcuate line of the pelvis

A

around inside, separates the false from true pelvis

141
Q

where is the iliac tubercle

A

top of the iliac crest in the center

142
Q

what is in the ishioanal fossa

A

inferior rectal nerve and vessels

external anal sphincter

143
Q

what does the inferior rectal nerve innervate

A

external anal sphincter and skin around anus

144
Q

what is in the pudendal canal nd where is it

A

pudendal nerve
internal pudendal artery/vein
located inside obturator muscle

145
Q

layers of the scrotum

A 
skin
dartos fascia + muscle
external spermatic fascia
cremaster fascia/muscle
internal spermatic fascia
parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
146
Q

in a male, what is the bulbospongiosus muscle covering

A

bulb of the penis

147
Q

in a male, what does the ishiocavernosus muscle cover?

A

crura of the corpus cavernosus

148
Q

where is the perineal body

A

fibrous between the anterior canal and the penis

149
Q

layers of the penis

A

skin
dartos
buck’s
tunica albuginea- around each body

150
Q

where are the superficial dorsal vessels of the penis

A

anteiror surface, superficial fascia

151
Q

what is in the Buck’s fascia

A 
corpus spongiosum
corpus cavernosum
deep dorsal vein of penis
dorsal artery of penis
dorsal nerve of penis
152
Q

where do the bulbourethral glands join the urethra

A

proximal spongy

153
Q

order of the urethra parts

A

prostatic
membranous
spongy

154
Q

rectovesicular pouch

A

space between the rectum and bladder

155
Q

path of ductus deferens

A 
deep inguinal ring
superior and medial to the internal iliac arteries
crosses superior to ureter
enters rectovesical septum
passes over posterior surface of bladder
156
Q

where is the prostate

A

below the bladder

157
Q

seminal vesicles

A

lateral to the ampulla of the ductus defers in the rectovesical septum

158
Q

retropubic/prevesical space

A

between the pubic symphysis and the urinary bladder

159
Q

parts of urinary bladder

A

apex- toward anterior abdominal wall
body- between apex and funds
fundus- inferior part of posterior wall
neck- where urethra exits

160
Q

where is the trigone

A

inner surface of funds formed by the internal urethral orifice and orifices of the ureters

161
Q

what vessels are in the anal columns

A

superior rectal artery/vein

162
Q

what causes internal hemorrhoids

A

enlargmentof the superior anal veins due to increased portal pressure

163
Q

what causes external hemorrhoids

A

enlargement of inferior rectal veins

164
Q

umbilical artery

A

in the medial umbilical ligament- remnant

superior vesical arteries branch off and go to the superiolateral part of urinary bladder

165
Q

obturator artery

A

goes into the obturator cannal

166
Q

inferior vesical artery

A

goes toward funds and supplies bladder, seminal vesicle, prostate
**branche of vaginal artery in females

167
Q

middle rectal artery

A

goes to rectum, comes off near inferior vesicle

branches to seminal vesicle and prostate

168
Q

internal pudendal artery

A

exits greater sciatic foramen inferior to performs

169
Q

inferior gluteal artery

A

goes out of pelvic cavity through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis after going over the lumbosacral trunk and then behind the lower sacral nerve

170
Q

iliolumbar artery

A

goes up from posterior division of internal iliac, then splits into lumbar and iliac branches
lumbar goes up
iliac goes along iliac crest and anastamoses with deep iliac circumflex

171
Q

lateral sacral artery

A

travels medially to meet up with the middle sacral artery

172
Q

superior gluteal artery

A

exits superior to piriformis after passing over the lumbosacral trunk and then diving behind S1

173
Q

where is the sacral plexus

A

between the rectum and the performs muscle

174
Q

sciatic nerve

A

exits pelvis inferior to piriformis through the greater sciatic foramen

175
Q

pudendal nerve

A

exits inferior to piriformis through the greater sciatic foramen

176
Q

what is the pelvic diaphragm

A

levator ani and coccygeus muscles and fascia covering them

177
Q

where is the arcus tendinous

A

line between the obturator interns and elevator ani

located inferior to the line between the obturator canal and the ishial spine

178
Q

puborectalis muscle

A

attaches anteriorly to pubis and posteriorly to puborectalis on the other side (midline raphe)
surrounds urogenital hiatus
forms anorectal flexure at the ampulla of rectum
relaxes during defecation

179
Q

pubococcygeus muscle

A

attahces to body of pubis and the coccyx

180
Q

levator ani muscle

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus
forms the pelvic floor

181
Q

iliococcygeus muscle

A

attaches to the tendinous arch and the coccyx

182
Q

coccygeus muscle

A

posteiror muscle of the pelvic diaphragm

attaches to ishial spin and coccyx

183
Q

obturator intternus muscle

A

lateral anterior of pelvic diaphragm and lateral wall of sischioanal fossa
attaches to the obturator foramen and exits through it to attach to the femur

184
Q

piriformis muscle

A

posteiror superior boarder of the pelvic area

185
Q

vesicouterine pouch

A

transition of peritoneum from the superior bladder surface to the uterus

186
Q

rectouterine pouch

A

transition of the peritoneum from the uterus to rectum

187
Q

structure in endopelvic fascia supportin gthe uterus

A

uterosacral ligament
transverse cervical ligament
pubocertical ligament

HS Exam 2 (24 decks)

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