Gross ID Flashcards
falsiform ligament
connects anterior abdominal wall to liver surface
divides liver into right and left lobes
median umbilical fold
midline under umbilicus contains urachus (remnant of allantoic duct)
medial umbilical fold
lateral to median umbilical fold
contains remnant of umbilical artery
lateral umbilical fold
lateral to medial umbilical fold
over the inferior epigastric artery/vein
peritoneum
lines the pelvic and abdominal cavities
parietal peritoneum
lines inner surface of the abdominal and pelvic walls
visceral peritoneaum
lines surfaces of organs
RUQ organs
liver
gallbladder
gallbladder location
right 9 costal cartilage at midclavicular line
LUQ organs
stomach
spleen
greater omentum
attached to lesser curvature of stomach
between intestine and anterior abdominal wall
gastrocolic ligament
big part of greater omentum
gastrosplenic ligament
aspect of the greater omentum between the stomach and spleen
gastrophrenic ligament
aspect of greater momentum between the stomach and the diaphragm
jejunum
LUQ
ileum
RLQ
hepatic flexture
right colic flexture- under liver
splenic flexture
left colic flexture- under spleen
lesser omentum
around lesser curvature of stomach and part 1 of duodenum to inferior liver surface
parts of greater omentum
gastrocolic ligament
gastrophrenic ligament
gastrosplenic ligament
parts of lesser omentum
hepatogastric ligament
hepatoduodenal ligament
hepatogastric ligament
from liver to lesser curvature of stomach
hepatoduodenal ligament
from liver to first part of duodenum
round ligament of the liver
inferior edge of falciform ligament
remnant of the umbilical vein
coronary ligament
connects liver to diaphragm
surrounds bare area
left/right triangular ligaments
between the left/right lobes of liver and diaphragm
folds of coronary ligament
splenorenal ligament
spleen to body wall anterior to left kidney
transverse mesocolon
attaches the transverse colon to anterior surface of duodenum and pancreas
mesentary
suspends jejunum and ileum to posterior wall
epiploic foramen of winslow
connects the greater and lesser peritoneal sacs
behind the heptoduodenal ligament
cardia of stomach
part right under where the esophagus joins, below cardinal notch
fundus of stomach
top
pylorus of stomach
meeting between duodenum and stomach
pyloric antrum of stomach
wedge between body and pyloric canal
pyloric canal
last part of stomach between the pylorus and pyloric antrum
pyloric sphincter
inner sphincter in the pylorus of stomach
pyloric orafice
opening in the pyloric sphincter
rugae
ridges inside stomach
porta hepatis or transverse fissure of the liver
fissure on visceral surface of liver that the vessels, ducts, lymphatics, and nerves enter
arrangement of structures in hepatic triad
bile duct lateral (right)
hepatic artery proper- left
hepatic portal vein posterior
cystic duct
goes from gallbladder to common bile duct
hepatic duct
from liver (left and right) to common bile duct
where does cystic artery come from
right hepatic artery
where does the right gastric artery come from
hepatic artery proper
path of gastroduodenal artery and branches
passes posterior to duodenum
right gesture-omental artery
anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
where is the left gastric artery
along posterior abdominal wall, superior to pancreas (might be impeded in the pancreas)
organs related to visceral surface of the spleen
stomach
left kidney
transverse colon
pancreas
ribs associated with diaphragmatic surface of spleen
ribs 9, 10, 11
caudate lobe of liver
back, BEHIND the gallbladder
quadrate lobe of liver
front, next to the gallbladder
right sagittal fissure of liver
line formed by gallbladder and IVC
left sagittal fissure of liver
ligamentum venosum and falciform ligament gap
path of superior mesenteric artery
comes from aorta, passes anterior to unite process of pancreas, third part of duodenum, left renal vein
enters mesentery and heads toward RLQ
branches of the superior mesenteric artery
RIGHT
inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery (posterior/anterior)
middle colic
right colic- ascending and descending branches
iliocolic
LEFT
jejunal and ileal arteries (intestinal)
what are the arcades
arched arteries connecting the intestinal arteries (jejunum and ileum)
more complicated in the ileum than jejunum
what are straight arteries
bits off of the arcades that are perpendicular to the intestine
longer in jejunum, shorter in ileum
what does the iliocolic artery supply
cecum
branches of the ileocolic artery
colic (top) and ileum (bottom)
appendicular artery off of ill part
anterior and posterior cecal off of ill part
anastomoses with right colic
what are marginal arteries
looped parts connecting the colic arteries
what does the right colic artery supply
ascending colon
what does the middle colic artery supply
transverse colon
where is superior mesenteric vein
next to superior mesenteric artery
joins the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein
branches of inferior mesenteric artery
left colic- first branch
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery- last branch
what does the SMA supply
jejunum ileum cecum ascending colon transverse colon duodenum pancreas
what does the IMA supply
left 1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
what does the left colic artery supply
left 1/2 of transverse
ascending- anastomose with middle colic
descending- anastomose with sigmoid
teniae coli
longitudinal muscle on the large intestine
haustra
outpouching of large intestine wall
omental appendices
fat fingers on large intestine
where are the 4 segments of the duodenum
superior- L1, transverse plane
descending- L2, right of midline and anterior to lots
horizontal- L3, anteiror to IVC and aorta
ascending- L2, joins with jejunum at the junction
where do the bile duct and pancreatic duct join the duodenum
descending part
parts of the pancreas
head uncinate process neck body tail
location of the pancreatic head
being hugged by the duodenum
location of pancreatic uncinate process
little projection off the head that is behind the superior mesenteric vessles
where is the pancreatic neck
anterior to the superior mesenteric vessels
where is the pancreatic body
angled up superiorly crossing midline
where is the pancreatic tail
on the left, touching the hilum of the spleen
where is the main pancreatic duct
in the head of the pancreas
where is the accessory pancreatic duct
joins the superior side of main pancreatic duct (superior to main)
branches of the splenic artery supplying the pancreas
dorsal pancreatic
greater pancreatic
what forms the hepatic portal vein
SMV and splenic vein
where is the splenic vein
posterior to pancreas and inferior to splenic artery
where is the gastroesophageal anastamosis
left gastric vein
esophageal veins
azygos vein
where is the anorectal anastamoses
superior, inferior, and middle rectal
where is the paraumbilical anastamoses
paraumbilical vein/superficial epigastric vein
where is the retroperitoneal anastamoses
colic veins
retroperitoneal
where are the kidneys
T12-L3
what side is the aorta on
left
what side is the IVC on
right
where are the testicular vessels
in the deep inguinal canal, cross anterior to ureter
branch from aorta at L2 (below where renal arteries come off)
where does the testicular veins drain
left- into left renal vein
right- IVC
where are the ovarian vessels
cross anterior to ureter
L2
what drains into the left renal vein
left suprarenal vein
left testicular/ovarian
where is the left renal vein
anterior to both renal arteries and aorta
path of ureter in abdomen
renal pelvis
posterior to gonaldal vessels
anterior to soas major
posterior to IMA branches
branches of the renal artery
inferior suprarenal artery
ureteric branch
relationships of right kidney
right colic flexure
visceral surface of liver
second part of duodenum
relationships of left kidney
left colic flexure
stomach
pancreas
spleen
where do superior suprarenal arteries come from
inferior phrenic artery
where is inferior phrenic artery
off of aorta above celiac trunk
where do the middle suprarenal arteries come from
from aorta near celiac trunk
where do the inferior suprarenal arteries come from
renal artery
what are the 3 unpaired visceral arteries off of the aorta
celiac trunk
SMA
IMA
what are the 3 paired visceral arteries off of the aorta
middle suprarenal arteries
renal arteries
gonadal
what are the paired somatic arteries
lumbar arteriers
inferior phrenic arteries
where are lumbar arteries
4 pairs, go into the posts muscle
where does the abdominal aorta end
L4
things that drain into the IVC
renal vein suprarenal vein gonadal vein *some are indirect via the left renal vein lumbar vein inferior phrenic veins
shape of left suprarenal gland
semilunar
shape of right suprarenal gland
triangular
where is the iliacus
iliac fossa, extends to femur
where is quadrates lumborum
next to spine, out from posts major
stops at iliac crest
transversus abdominis
lateral posterior wall, under quadratus lumborum
where is the genitofemoral nerve
anterior surface of psoas major
nerve of lumbar plexus
passes anterior to femoral nerve
branches of genitofemoral nerve and destinations
genital- goes through deep inguinal ring, motor nerve to cremaster muscle
femoral- under inguinal ligament, supplies skin inferior and medial to inguinal ligament (cremaster reflex)
where is the subcostal nerve
under rib 12
where is the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
descend from anterior surface of quadrates lumborum and split at the transversus abdominins
where does the ilioinguinal nerve go
through the superficial inguinal ring
what is innervated by the iliohypogastric nerve
skin over pubis
what is innervated by the ilioinguinal nerve
upper scrotum and base of penis
mons pubis and labia
where is the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
deep to inguinal ligament near anterior thigh
in the iliac fossa anterior to the iliac muscle
order of nerves off of the lumbar area
subcostal T12 iliohypogastric L1 ilioinguinal L1 genitofemoral lateral femoral cutaneous femoral obturator
pneumonic for nerves off of lumbar plexus
indecent ian gets laid on fridays luckily iliohypogastric ilioinguinal genitofemoral lateral femoral cutaneous obturator femoral lumbosacral trunk
where is the femoral nerve
lateral to posts major, in groove between posts major and iliacus
where is the obturator nerve
between the psoas major and common iliac vessels
where is the lumbosacral trunk
large nerve under obturator, starts at L4/5
goes into the pelvis and joins the sacral plexus
right crus of diaphragm
L1 and L3
opening for esophagus in it
left crus of diaphragm
L1 and L2
where are the arcuate ligaments
fascia thickenings below diaphragm
lateral arcuate ligament
anterior surface of quadrates lumborum
medial arcuate ligament
anterior surface of psoas major
median arcuate ligament
anteiror surface of aorta and aortic hiatus
diaphragm openings
vena cava- T8 central tendon
esophagus- T10 right crus
aorta- T12 behind diaphragm (median arcuate ligament)
what does the phrenic nerves do
diaphragm
sensory innervation for abdominal and thoracic surfaces
where are the splanchnic nerves
superior to diaphragm, come off at certain levels
enter the abdomen and combine to form the plexus
what are cisterna chyli
lymph nodes behind the celiac trunk
superior mesenteric plexus
around SMA
inferior mesenteric plexus
around IMA
where are the suprarenal veins
entering IVC superior to renal veins
arcuate line of the pelvis
around inside, separates the false from true pelvis
where is the iliac tubercle
top of the iliac crest in the center
what is in the ishioanal fossa
inferior rectal nerve and vessels
external anal sphincter
what does the inferior rectal nerve innervate
external anal sphincter and skin around anus
what is in the pudendal canal nd where is it
pudendal nerve
internal pudendal artery/vein
located inside obturator muscle
layers of the scrotum
skin dartos fascia + muscle external spermatic fascia cremaster fascia/muscle internal spermatic fascia parietal layer of tunica vaginalis visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
in a male, what is the bulbospongiosus muscle covering
bulb of the penis
in a male, what does the ishiocavernosus muscle cover?
crura of the corpus cavernosus
where is the perineal body
fibrous between the anterior canal and the penis
layers of the penis
skin
dartos
buck’s
tunica albuginea- around each body
where are the superficial dorsal vessels of the penis
anteiror surface, superficial fascia
what is in the Buck’s fascia
corpus spongiosum corpus cavernosum deep dorsal vein of penis dorsal artery of penis dorsal nerve of penis
where do the bulbourethral glands join the urethra
proximal spongy
order of the urethra parts
prostatic
membranous
spongy
rectovesicular pouch
space between the rectum and bladder
path of ductus deferens
deep inguinal ring superior and medial to the internal iliac arteries crosses superior to ureter enters rectovesical septum passes over posterior surface of bladder
where is the prostate
below the bladder
seminal vesicles
lateral to the ampulla of the ductus defers in the rectovesical septum
retropubic/prevesical space
between the pubic symphysis and the urinary bladder
parts of urinary bladder
apex- toward anterior abdominal wall
body- between apex and funds
fundus- inferior part of posterior wall
neck- where urethra exits
where is the trigone
inner surface of funds formed by the internal urethral orifice and orifices of the ureters
what vessels are in the anal columns
superior rectal artery/vein
what causes internal hemorrhoids
enlargmentof the superior anal veins due to increased portal pressure
what causes external hemorrhoids
enlargement of inferior rectal veins
umbilical artery
in the medial umbilical ligament- remnant
superior vesical arteries branch off and go to the superiolateral part of urinary bladder
obturator artery
goes into the obturator cannal
inferior vesical artery
goes toward funds and supplies bladder, seminal vesicle, prostate
**branche of vaginal artery in females
middle rectal artery
goes to rectum, comes off near inferior vesicle
branches to seminal vesicle and prostate
internal pudendal artery
exits greater sciatic foramen inferior to performs
inferior gluteal artery
goes out of pelvic cavity through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis after going over the lumbosacral trunk and then behind the lower sacral nerve
iliolumbar artery
goes up from posterior division of internal iliac, then splits into lumbar and iliac branches
lumbar goes up
iliac goes along iliac crest and anastamoses with deep iliac circumflex
lateral sacral artery
travels medially to meet up with the middle sacral artery
superior gluteal artery
exits superior to piriformis after passing over the lumbosacral trunk and then diving behind S1
where is the sacral plexus
between the rectum and the performs muscle
sciatic nerve
exits pelvis inferior to piriformis through the greater sciatic foramen
pudendal nerve
exits inferior to piriformis through the greater sciatic foramen
what is the pelvic diaphragm
levator ani and coccygeus muscles and fascia covering them
where is the arcus tendinous
line between the obturator interns and elevator ani
located inferior to the line between the obturator canal and the ishial spine
puborectalis muscle
attaches anteriorly to pubis and posteriorly to puborectalis on the other side (midline raphe)
surrounds urogenital hiatus
forms anorectal flexure at the ampulla of rectum
relaxes during defecation
pubococcygeus muscle
attahces to body of pubis and the coccyx
levator ani muscle
puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus
forms the pelvic floor
iliococcygeus muscle
attaches to the tendinous arch and the coccyx
coccygeus muscle
posteiror muscle of the pelvic diaphragm
attaches to ishial spin and coccyx
obturator intternus muscle
lateral anterior of pelvic diaphragm and lateral wall of sischioanal fossa
attaches to the obturator foramen and exits through it to attach to the femur
piriformis muscle
posteiror superior boarder of the pelvic area
vesicouterine pouch
transition of peritoneum from the superior bladder surface to the uterus
rectouterine pouch
transition of the peritoneum from the uterus to rectum
structure in endopelvic fascia supportin gthe uterus
uterosacral ligament
transverse cervical ligament
pubocertical ligament
