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HS Exam 2 > Breast and Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Breast and Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

where is the breast in relation to the deep and superficial fascia

A

inside of superficial fascia, separated from deep fascia by retromammary space

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2
Q

where is the breast in relation to the retromammary space

A

anterior to it

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3
Q

why is venous drainage of the breast by posterior intercostal veins clinically significant in the case of cancer

A

the posterior intercostal drain into the azygous system which in in contact with the internal vertebral venous plexus around the spinal cord which creates a metastasis route to the brain

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4
Q

does the breast normally move when the patent contracts the pecs? when does it move?

A

does not move with pectoralis major contraction

moves if there is a tumor which creates adhesions between the breast and the pectoralis fascia

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5
Q

what is the mammary ridge and what forms it

A

aka milk line

runs from axilla to groin and then disappears everywhere except the breasts

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6
Q

lymph drains from the body via what ducts and where do they drain

A

right thoracic duct and the thoracic duct

both ducts return via the intersection of the jugular and subclavian veins

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7
Q

where is the breast

A

lateral sternal boarder to mid axillary line laterally

ribs 2-6 vertically

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8
Q

what is the most prominent area of the breast

A

nipple

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9
Q

where is the nipple

A

ICS 4- only in young women and children

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10
Q

what is the darker area around the nipple

A

aerola

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11
Q

what is in the aerola

A

sebaceous glands that secrete a lubricant that protects the nipple during breast feeding

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12
Q

what are the 3 components of the breast

A

glandular tissue
fibrous tissue
adipose

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13
Q

what is the purpose of glandular tissue

A

milk production

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14
Q

what is the purpose of fibrous tissue

A

support of the breast via suspensory ligaments of cooper

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15
Q

what happens with the presence of a carcinoma in the breast

A

tumor puts tension on the suspensory ligaments of cooper, causing dimpling of the skin

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16
Q

where is the fibrous tissue most developed

A

superiorly

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17
Q

what is the purpose of adipose

A

shape and contour of the breast

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18
Q

what muscles are posterior to the breast

A

2/3 over the pectoralis major

1/3 over serratus anterior

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19
Q

what is the axillary tail

A

extension in upper outer quadrant that extends toward the axilla

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20
Q

why is the axillary tail significant

A

swells during menstration

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21
Q

what is the retromammary space

A

potential space between the breast and pectoralis fascia

contains fat that allows for movement of the breast over the pectoralis major

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22
Q

what are the components of the mammary gland

A

lobules
lactiferous ducts
lactiferous sinuses
smooth muscle

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23
Q

what are lobules

A

where milk production occurs

15-20 per breast

24
Q

what are lactiferous ducts

A

drainage routes from the lobules to the nipple

25
Q

what are lactiferous sinuses

A

pouches in the lactiferous ducts that stores milk for the initial release when suckling begins

26
Q

where is smooth muscle

A

around lactiferous ducts, contracts during nipple stimulation which produces erect nipples

27
Q

what is the path of arterial supply to the breast

A

subclavian–>axillary–>thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic

28
Q

what arteries originate medially to supply the breast

A

perforating branches from the internal thoracic artery

medial mammary branches of 2-4 perforating branches

29
Q

what arteries originate laterally to supply the breast

A

lateral thoracic

pectoral branches of thoracoacromial trunk

30
Q

what arteries originate posteriorly to supply the breast

A

posterior intercostal

31
Q

what is the main venous drainage of the breast

A

axillary vein, but some to internal thoracic vein and posterior intercostal veins

32
Q

what provides innervation to the breast

A

anteiror and lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves 2-6

33
Q

what information do the nerves that innervate the breast carry

A

sensory fibers to the skin

sympathetic fibers to smooth muscle over the skin and nipple as well as blood vessels

34
Q

what is polymastia

A

extra breast- rare

35
Q

what is polythelia

A

extra nipple- must be along milk line

36
Q

what is gynecomastia

A

breast development in males

37
Q

what causes gynecomastia

A

usually during puberty

also change in liver sex hormone metabolism, aging, and cancer treatments

38
Q

what organs do not have lymph vessels/nodes

A

CNS
eyes
nails/teeth
bone and marrow

39
Q

what is lymphogenesis

A

metastasis of cancer cells via lymphatics

40
Q

what are the functions of the lymphatic system

A

drain interstitial fluid back to circulatory system
lacteals absorb and transfer fat to the venous system
defense mechanism against foreign substances (filtering and lymphocytes)

41
Q

what is a lymphatic plexus

A

network of lymphatic capillaries in the intercellular spaces

42
Q

what are lymphatics

A

network of vessels coming from the lymphatic plexuses

43
Q

what are lymph nodes

A

enlargements along lymphatic vessels that filter

44
Q

what are lymphocytes

A

immune cells

45
Q

what are lymphoid organs

A

wall of alimentary canal
spleen
thymus
tonsils

46
Q

what are the 4 rules of lymphatic drainage

A

drains opposite arterial supply, same as venous
filtered through at least 1 lymph node set before returning
travels from superficial nodes to deeper ones
node groups are named according to- position, region, organs, or blood vessels

47
Q

path of lymphatic system

A

interstitial fluid-> lymphatic plexus-> afferent lymphatic vessel -> lymph node-> efferent lymphatic vessel->lymphatic trunk-> lymphatic ducts-> venous system

48
Q

what are the lymphatic trunks and what do they drain

A

subclavian- upper limb
jugular- head/neck
brachiomediastinal- thoracic region

49
Q

what are the lymphatic ducts and what do they drain

A

right thoracic duct- RUQ

thoracic duct- everything else

50
Q

where do the lymphatic ducts drain

A

intersection of the jugular and subclavian veins

51
Q

left lung drainage

A

lower lobe of left lung drains to the right side

52
Q

what is the lateral lymphatic drainage path of the right breast

A

axillary nodes–> calvicular nodes-> right subclavian trunk->right lymphatic duct

53
Q

what is the medial lymphatic drainage path of the right breast

A

parasternal nodes-> right bronchiomediastinal trunk–>right lymphatic duct

54
Q

where does the inferior lymphatic drainage of the right breast go

A

abdominal nodes

55
Q

what is lymphedema

A

swelling due to excess fluid caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system preventing drainage
usually in upper or lower limbs

56
Q

what is lymphangitis

A

inflammation of lymph vessel due to injury or infection

vessels may appear as red streaks in the skin

57
Q

what is lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of a lymph node due to injury or infection

HS Exam 2 (24 decks)

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