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HS Exam 2 > Pelvic Cavity and Perineum > Flashcards

Pelvic Cavity and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

boarders of pelvic inlet

A 
sacral promentory
ala of sacrum
arcuate line
pectin pubis
pubic crest
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2
Q

boarders of pelvic outlet

A

pubic arch
ischial tuberosities
sacrotuberous ligament
coccyx

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3
Q

describe features of female pelvis

A 
broader
shorter
wide pubic angle
wide sacrum
built for partuition
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4
Q

describe feature of male pelvis

A 
narrow
tall
narrow pubic angle
narrow sacrum
built for strength and movement
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5
Q

8 ligaments for pelvic stability

A 
sacrospinous
sacrotuberous
ventral sacroiliac
dorsal sacroiliac
iliolumbar
superior pubic
arcuate pubic
anteiror longitudinal
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6
Q

what induces loosening of pelvic ligaments for childbirth

A

relaxin

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7
Q

muscles of the levator ani

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

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8
Q

pelvic floor muscles

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus
coccygeus

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9
Q

what is the purpose of the puborectalis muscle

A

supports the rectum

relaxation facilitates defecation by reducing the angle of the rectum

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10
Q

muscles of pelvic wall

A

lateral- obturator internus

posterior- piriformis

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11
Q

branches of the posterior division of internal iliac artery

A

iliolumbar
lateral sacral
superior gluteal

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12
Q

branches of the anterior division of internal iliac artery

A 
umbilical (superior vesicle)
obturator
inferior vesicle/vaginal (artery to ductus deferens)
uterine
middle rectal
internal pudenal
inferior gluteal
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13
Q

path of iliolumbar

A

exits pelvic area
branches into:
lumbar- goes up side of lumbar spine
deep circumflex iliac artery- goes around iliac spine

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14
Q

branches of umbilical

A

superior vesical

superior part is obliterated and forms the medial umbilical ligament

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15
Q

what is the female equivalent of the inferior vesicle artery

A

vaginal artery

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16
Q

where does the superior rectal artery come from and what does it supply

A

from the inferior mesenteric

supplies rectum and anal canal to pectinate line

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17
Q

where does the ovarian/testicular artery come from and what does it supply

A

branch off abdominal aorta

supplies the ovary, uterine tube, and upper uterus (or testis)

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18
Q

what organs are in the pelvic cavity

A

bladder
rectum
reproductive organs

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19
Q

what is the trigone

A

smooth triangular area around where the ureters come in on the bladder wall

20
Q

what is the embryological origin of the muscular wall of the bladder

A

splanchnic mesoderm

21
Q

what is the embryological origin of the trigone

A

intermediate mesoderm

22
Q

what is the detrusor muscle and how does it work

A

muscle of bladder wall

passively expands during filling and actively contracts via parasympathetic innervation during voiding

23
Q

relationship between internal bladder sphincter and detrusor muscle

A

contraction of the detrusor muscle triggers relaxation of the internal sphincter

24
Q

what triggers detrusor muscle contraction

A

stretch reflex as bladder fills

25
Q

blood supply of urinary bladder

A

superior and inferior vesical arteries

26
Q

lymphatic drainage of bladder

A

internal iliac nodes

27
Q

innervation of bladder

A

detrusor- parasympathetic

trigone + neck- sympathetic

28
Q

what are the boarders of the ishiorectal fossa

A

medial/superior- levator ani
lateral- obturator internus with pudenal canal
inferior- skin and superficial fascia
filled with fat

29
Q

blood supply of rectum

A 
superior rectal (IMA branch)- rectal mucosa and superior rectal wall
middle rectal (internal iliac branch)- middle muscular rectal wall
inferior rectal (branch of internal pudenal)- distal rectum
30
Q

rectum innervation

A

lumbar and sacral splanchnics (sympathetic)

parasympathetic referred pain

31
Q

where is the pectinate line

A

divides the anal canal
above- endoderm: anal sinuses, anal columns, valves
lower- ectoderm: transition between smooth and hairy skin

32
Q

what is significance of anal columns

A

superior rectal veins terminate here

site of internal hemorrhoids

33
Q

blood supply of anal canal

A

above pectinate line- superior rectal artery

below pectinate line- middle + inferior rectal artery

34
Q

lymphatic drainage of anal canal

A

above pectinate line- internal iliac, superior rectal, inferior mesenteric
below pectinate line- superficial inguinal nodes

35
Q

innervation of anal canal

A

above pectinate line- parasympathetic, pelvic splanchnic, no pain
below pectinate line- pudenal nerve, pain

36
Q

boundaries of perineum

A

anterior- pubic symphysis
lateral- ischial tuberosities
posterior- coccyx

37
Q

boundaries of superficial perineal pouch

A

between perineal membrane and colles fascia

38
Q

contents of superficial perineal pouch

A

ishiocavernosus- superiolateral, covers greater vestibular glands (female)
bulbospongiosus= medial boarder, covers bulbs of clitoris/penis
superficial transverse perineus- between ischial tuberosities
greater vestibular gland (female)

39
Q

what supplies the superficial perineal pouch

A

deep branches of perineal nerves and vessels

40
Q

where is the deep perineal pouch

A

superior to perineal membrane but under the muscles of the superficial perineal pouch

41
Q

male contents of deep perineal pouch

A

deep transverse perineal muscle
external urethral sphincter
bulbourethral gland (male)- in deep transverse perineal
compressor urethrae

42
Q

female contents of deep perineal pouch

A

external urethral sphincter
compressor urethrae
urethrovaginal sphincter
smooth muscles

43
Q

innervation of deep perineal pouch

A

dorsal artery, vein, and nerve of penis/clitoris

44
Q

describe the male urethral sphincter

A

covers the anterior prostatic urethra
encircles the urethra at the base of the prostate
exits genital hiatus and spreads out

45
Q

describe the female urethral sphincter

A

circular around bladder neck

spreads out around vagina, forming compressor urethrae and urogenital bulbs

46
Q

what causes fecal incontinence

A

damage to the pelvic diaphragm
tearing of anal sphincter
nerve damage

47
Q

what muscle maintains fecal continence

A

puborectalis

anal sphincters

HS Exam 2 (24 decks)

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