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HS Exam 2 > autonomics and visceral afferents > Flashcards

autonomics and visceral afferents Flashcards

1
Q

what is innervated by the visceral motor system

A

cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
glands

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2
Q

how many neurons are involved in the visceral motor system

A

2- pre and post

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3
Q

what does the visceral sensory system do

A

interoception (internal environment monitoring)

pain

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4
Q

what are the 2 parts of the visceral motor system

A

sympathetic

parasympathetic

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5
Q

what levels are sympathetic neurons
where are the cell bodies
where do they go in the brain

A

thoracolumbar
cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are in the IML horn
lateral and posteiror hypothalamus

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6
Q

what are the functions of the sympathetic nervous system

A 
"fight or flight"
dilate pupils
piloerection
sweating
vasoconstriction
increase HR, RR
decrease gut and bladder mobility
central hyperreactivity
ejaculation
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7
Q

what are the options for sympathetic pre ganglion axons entering the sympathetic chain

A

synapse and leave at same level
ascend/descend, synapse and leave at that level
don’t leave at all, form splanchnic nerves that synapse later

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8
Q

where do splanchnic nerves synapse

A

prevertebral ganglia

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9
Q

where are sympathetic post ganglion cell bodies

A

paravertebral or prevertebral ganglion

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10
Q

what organs are innervated by sympathetic neurons

A 
heart
lungs
kidneys
ureters
GI tract
bladder
reproductive tract
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11
Q

what is special about the suprarenal gland

A

preganglionic fibers synapse directly onto chromatin cells

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12
Q

what levels are parasympathetic neurons
where are the cell bodies
where do they go in the brain

A

cervical and saccral regions
cranial nerves 3,7,8,10 and IML S2-4
anteiror and medial hypothalamus

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13
Q

function of parasympathetic nervous system

A 
"rest and digest"
constrict pupil and airway
increase secretions
decrease HR
increase gut motility
contract bladder
decrease rage reaction
errection
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14
Q

where are the parasympathetic post ganglion cell bodies

A

in or near the target organ

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15
Q

what does the parasympathetic system not innervate

A 
limbs
kidneys/ureters
adrenal glands
uterus and vagina
testis/ovary
skeletal muscle
blood vessels
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16
Q

what blood vessels do receive parasympathetic stimulation

A

coronary vessels

erectile tissue

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17
Q

sympathetic forgut

A

greater splanchnic nerve

celiac ganglion

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18
Q

sympathetic midgut

A

lesser splanchnic nerve

superior mesenteric ganglion

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19
Q

sympathetic kidneys and ureters

A

least and lumbar splanchnic nerves

aorticorenal ganlgion

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20
Q

sympathetic hindgut

A

lumbar splanchnic nerve

inferior mesenteric ganglion

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21
Q

sympathetic suprarenal medulla

A

greater, lesser, least splanchnic

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22
Q

sympathetic suprarenal cortex

A

greater, lesser, least splanchnic

aorticorenal ganglion

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23
Q

sympathetic pelvic organs

A

lumbar splanchnics via hypogastric plexuses

sacral splanchnics via inferior hypogastric plexus

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24
Q

parasympathetic foregut and midgut

A

vagus

25
Q

parasympathetic hindgut

A

pelvic splanchnics

26
Q

visceral pain afferent foregut, midgut, descending colon, 1/2 sigmoid, pelvic pain line, kidneys ureters

A

sympathetics

27
Q

visceral pain afferets: distal sigmoid, pelvic organs below pelvic pain line

A

parasympahtetics

28
Q

visceral interoceptive afferents- GI to left colic flexure

A

vagus

29
Q

visceral interoceptive afferents- kidneys and ureters

A

vagus

30
Q

visceral interoceptive afferents- pelvic organs, GI past colic flexure

A

pelvic splanchnic

31
Q

“above the pelvic pain line”

A

structures in contact with the peritoneum
kidney
ovary/tube/upper uterus
superior bladder

32
Q

“below the pelvic pain line”

A

viscera not in contact with peritoneum
lower uterus
vagina
inferior bladder

33
Q

what takes pain from above the pelvic pain line

A

sympathetic

34
Q

what takes pain from below the pelvic pain line

A

parasympathetic

35
Q

what is referred pain

A

a noxious stimuli from an organ that is perceived as coming from a region of the body wall corresponding to a specific dermatome level

36
Q

what does parasympathetic innervate

A 
GI tract
spleen
pancreas
gallbaldder
liver
37
Q

where does parasympathetic innervation come from

A

vagus nerve

pelvic splanchnic nerves

38
Q

what does parasympathetic vagus do

A

foregut and midgut

39
Q

visceral afferent for heart and referred pain location

A

thoracic splanchnic T1-T4

upper thorax and medial arm

40
Q

visceral afferent for foregut and referred pain location

A

greater splanchnic T5-9

lower thorax and epigastric region

41
Q

visceral afferent for midgut and referred pain location

A

lesser splanchnic T10-11

umbilical region

42
Q

visceral afferent for kidney/upper ureter and referred pain location

A

least splanchnic T12

flanks

43
Q

visceral afferent for handgun and lower ureter and referred pain location

A

lumbar splanchnic L1,2

pubic region

44
Q

what does the vagus nerve carry

A

pre parasympathetic

visceral afferent

45
Q

what do thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves carry

A

pre sympathetic

visceral afferent

46
Q

what does pelvic splanchnic carry

A

pre parasympathetic

47
Q

what does interoception

A

parasympathetic mostly

48
Q

what does pain

A

mostly sympathetic EXCEPT below pelvic pain line (lower uterus, vagina, inferior bladder, last part of sigmoid colon down)

49
Q

referred pain diaphragm irritation

A

shoulder

50
Q

referred pain stomach

A

below xiphoid process down to the left and in center of back

51
Q

referred pain duodenum and head of pancreas

A

under xyphoid process

52
Q

referred pain gallbladder

A

right and around to back up

53
Q

referred pain liver

A

right and around back down

54
Q

referred pain appendix

A

umbilicus

55
Q

referred pain spleen

A

left costal

56
Q

referred pain sigmoid colon

A

left and right hypogastric

57
Q

referred pain cecum and ascending colon

A

hypogasric

58
Q

referred pain kidney and ureter

A

traces hip anteriorly and then goes up on the back

59
Q

how is somatic pain tested

A

rebound pain- push on it and it hurts when released

HS Exam 2 (24 decks)

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