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HS Exam 2 > female repro- histology > Flashcards

female repro- histology Flashcards

1
Q

ovary surrounding layer

A

germinal epithelium

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2
Q

layer most ovarian cancer is from

A

germinal epithelium

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3
Q

what is in the cortex of the ovary

A

ovarian follicles

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4
Q

oocyte

A

the actual germ cell

makes proteases

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5
Q

granulosa/follicle cells

A

surround the oocyte

release estrogen converted from precursors

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6
Q

zona pellucida

A

inner glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte

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7
Q

stroma cells

A

outer layer of granulosa cells that will become theca cells

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8
Q

primordial follicle

A

oocyte arrested in meiosis 1 from birth to puberty

has 1 layer of granulosa cells

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9
Q

ovarian cycle

A

begins at puberty due to a rise in FSH levels

1-20 follicles begin maturing, but only 1 is ovulated

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10
Q

phases of ovarian cycle

A

follicular
ovulatory
development of corpus luteum

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11
Q

primary follicle

A

oocyte surrounded by zone pellucid and granolas cells

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12
Q

theca interna

A

secrete estrogen precursors

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13
Q

theca externa

A

flat connective tissue cells

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14
Q

secondary follicle

A

small antrum forms

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15
Q

antrum formation

A

follicle cells secrete liquor follicle and small spaces form which coalesce to form an antrum

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16
Q

graafian follicle

A

large antrum

cumuluc oophus and corona radiata

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17
Q

which stage do granulosa cells only have FSH receptors

A

primary follicle

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18
Q

which stage do granulosa cells gain LH receptors

A

graafian follicle

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19
Q

what is cumulus oophus

A

lots of follicle cells around an oocyte

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20
Q

coronoa radiata

A

single layer of follicle cells around the zone pellucida

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21
Q

what stage follicle starts meiosis 2

A

graafian follicle

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22
Q

when does meiosis 2 start

A

right before ovulation

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23
Q

what triggers ovulation

A

LH surge

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24
Q

what happens during ovulation

A

oocyte with 2 layers detaches and floats in the antrum
increased antrum pressure pushes the follicle against the wall of the ovary
blood supply to the wall is cut off–> ischemia
proteolysis and degeneration of the surface follicle and theca cells leads to the follicle rupturing and releasing the oocyte

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25
Q

theca lutein cells

A

release progesterone and androstenedione
from theca cells
stimulated by LH

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26
Q

granulosa lutein cells

A

release progesterone and some estrogen
from follicle cells
stimulated by FSH

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27
Q

corpus albicans

A

formed after no fertilization by the invasion of the corpus lute by connective tissue
factors are released that induce corpus lutem apoptosis

28
Q

follicle atresia

A

degeneration of the rest of the follicles that begin maturing and don’t make it to ovulation

29
Q

luteal cyst

A

from the follicle

30
Q

germinal inclusion cyst

A

from germinal eipthelium

31
Q

polycystic ovarian disease

A

high androgen secretion results in high estrogen which leads to no ovulation, no corpus lute formation, no progesterone secretion, and no uterine secretory phase

32
Q

common ovarian cancer metastasis sites

A

colon
stomach
breast

33
Q

where is fertilization

A

ampulla

34
Q

lining of ovaducts

A

simple columnar epithelium with cilia

35
Q

salpingitis

A

infection in uterine tube with bacteria from the uterus

36
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

spread of infection from uterine tube to pelvic cavity

37
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

implantation somewhere other than the uterus

38
Q

endometrium lining

A

simple columnar epithelium

39
Q

layers of the endometrium

A

functionalis- surface layer with spiral arteries that is shed during menstruation
basalis- bottom layer that is kept, has stem cells for endometrial regeneration

40
Q

uterine phases

A

proliferative
secretory
menstrual

41
Q

proliferative uterus

A

governed by follicle
functionalism layer built up
straight glands

42
Q

secretory uterus

A

governed by corpus lute
uterine glands become disorganized
glands secrete fluid

43
Q

menstrual uterus

A

corpus luteum regresses
coiled arteries contract and glands degenerate
see shedding of top layer

44
Q

endometrial hyperplasia

A

high estrogen stimulate cells to replicate which leads to continuous bleeding without a full menstrual cycle

45
Q

endometriosis

A

endometrial tissue outside the uterus

46
Q

adenomyosis

A

endoderm grows backward into myometrium

47
Q

endometrial carcinoma

A

cancer of uterine glands

48
Q

fibroids

A

benign smooth muscle tumors in myometrium

49
Q

parts of the cervix

A

internal os- opening into uterine canal
cervix
external os- opening into cervix

50
Q

significance of external os

A

junctional zone- where the epithelium switches from simple columnar to stratified squamous
susceptible to dysplasia which can progress into neoplasia

51
Q

nabothian cysts

A

blocked cervical galnds

52
Q

cervical ectropia

A

metaplasia from simple columnar to stratified squamous epithelium in the cervix during menstrual cycle or pregnancy

53
Q

human papilloma virus

A

dysplasia
high risk- invasive squamous cell carcinoma
low risk- condyloma acuminatum

54
Q

veneral warts

A

condyloma acuminatum

55
Q

grades of a pap smear

A

CN1- low grade squamous cell lesion, mild dysplasia due to hormones or infection
CN2- high grade squamous cell epithelial lesion, higher grade dysplasia with a larger nucleus
CN3- high grade, small cells, very close to neoplasia

56
Q

vaginal mucosa

A

simple squamous epithelium with glycogen which is used by lactobacillus which lowers the vaginal pH

57
Q

how are mammary proteins/sugars released

A

merocrine secretion

58
Q

how are mammary lipids released

A

apocrine secretion

59
Q

placental hormones during pregnancy

A

proliferation of glandular cells and terminal ducts

60
Q

prolactin

A

milk secretion

61
Q

oxytocin

A

milk ejection via myoepithelial cell contraction

62
Q

fibrocystic changes in the breast

A

cystic dilation of ducts
glandular metaplasia
fibrosis of stroma

63
Q

ductal hyperplasia

A

usually benign

64
Q

fibroadenoma

A

most common benign tumor

fibrosis in the duct

65
Q

lobar carcinoma

A

cancer in a lobe

66
Q

ductal adenocarcinoma

A

tumor in a duct

HS Exam 2 (24 decks)

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