Urine 2 Flashcards
2nd part
What happens if GFR is too high?
Too low?
Urine output Rises & Dehydration/ Loss of electrolytes
Waste are reabsored / Azotena may occur
3 homeostasic mechanisms that regulate GFR / Basic Description
Renal auto regulation: Parasympathetic Control
Sympathetic Control : Stops blood flow to Kidneys
Hormonal Control: Blood Volume & Pressure
Is autoregulation effective when the sympathetic nervous system is in control?
No
Granular cells contain ______ which are secreted when ______ drops
Renin / Blood pressure
65% of glomerular filtrate is reabsored where?
Proximal Convoluted Tube
What is the counter current multipielyer
Nephron Loop
A mechanism which expends energy to create a concentration gradient, allowing for reabsorpation of water and produces concentrated urine
Does Renin-Angiotensin system raise or lower blood pressure?
Angiotensin 1
Aldosterone
Artrial Natriuretic Peptide
RAS: Raises BP
Angiotensin 1: Lowers
Aldosterone: Increases
Artial Natriutetic Peptide: Lowers
The kidneys secrete the hormones ______ , that stimulates production of _______.
Renin-Angiotensin II
Aldostrone
The kidneys function in the final step of making the hormone ______, which contributes to ______ homeostatis
Blank?
The building blocks of protein are ______ which breaks down to formula ______, which the liver converts to _____
Amino acids, ammonia, urea
Uric acid and creatine break down from what molecule?
Purines
ADH works by inserting ______ unto cell membranes, making them more permeable to ____
Aqua Porins
Water
Aldostrone is considered the ______ Retaining hormones, and functions to do what?
Salt
Increase BP
What are the 4 actions of ANP that result in excretion of more salts/water in urine?
Dilates afferent arterials, constricts Efferent GFR increase
Inhibits Renin & Aldostrone secretion
Inhibits Secretion of ADH
Inhibits NaCl reabsorption in collecting ducts
What is urine composed of? 6
Water Urea Inorganic salts Creatine Ammonia Pigmented products of blood breakdown
The Bladder is stimulated for micturition at ____, considerado full at _____ and max at _____
150ml, 500ml, 750ml
What is the trigone?
Smooth Muscle triangular surface of Bladder/ openings for urters and uerthea
What are the Renal calculi?
Causes?
Kidney stones
To much Protein/ vitamins
3 regions of male urethra?
Prostetic
Membranous
Penile
What are the basics steps of involuntary/ voluntary neural control of micturition?
Detrusor Muscle: Involuntary
External Sphincter: Voluntary
What is diabetes & 4 forms?
Diabetes is when the Pancreas is no longer able to make insulin
Diabetes mellitus:
Type 1: Genetic disorder
Type 2: Diet
Gestational: During Pregnancy
Insipidus: Imbalance of body fluids.
The muscularis region of the Bladder is the _____, which is 3 layers of smooth muscle.
Detrussor Muscle.
How much of your kidneys do you need for survival?
1/3 of 1
