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Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Starting superior list the organs of the endocrine system(9)

A

Pineal

Hypothalamus

Thyroid gland

Pituitary gland

Parathyroid Gland

Thymus

Adrenal Gland

Pancreas

Gonads

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2
Q

A hormone can only affect which type of cells

A

Target cells

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3
Q

Does the endocrine system use ducts?

A

No

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4
Q

Which is the master gland

A

Pituitary

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5
Q

Thyroid produces which hormones (2)

What are their affects

A

Thyroxine (t3 & t4)

Stimulates metabolism

Calcitonin

Lowers blood calcium

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6
Q

Pituitary hormone which helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries.

Testicular growth in males helps produce a protein needed for creating and maintaining sperm

A

Folicile-stimulating hormone

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7
Q

This organ regulates blood sugar by releasing insulin and glucagon

A

Pancreas

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8
Q

What does insulin do

Glucogan

A

Insulin helps blood sugar enter the bodys cells, lowering blood sugar

Glucogan increases blood sugar

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9
Q

Which cells release Insulin

Which release glucagon

A

Beta cells release insulin

Alpha cells release glucagon

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10
Q

What structure is responsible for getting the nervous and endocrine system to work together?

A

Hypothalamus

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11
Q

Hypothalamus secrets these hormones

What are their functions

A

corticotrophin-releasing hormone,
growth hormone-releasing hormone,
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone thyrotrophin-releasing hormone
somatostatin
dopamine

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12
Q

The anterior pituitary gland produces which hormones? (6)

A

Adrenocorticotropic: Stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete steroid hormones, Cortisol

Growth Hormone

Luteinising Hormone: Ovulation females & Androgen in Males

FSH (Folice Stimulting Hormone) Growth of Eggs & Sperm

Prolactin Produces Milk

Thyroid Stimulting Hormone

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13
Q

Luteinising Hormone & Follicle Stimulting Hormone are also known as

A

Gonadotropins

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14
Q

Releases Oxytocin & Vasopressin

A

Posterior Pituitary

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15
Q

This gland is concerned with metabolism and releases T³ & T⁴

A

Thyroid

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16
Q

This gland increases blood calcium levels by a hormone that shares its name

A

Parathyroid

Parathyroid hormone

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17
Q

Which hormone raise blood calcium levels

Which lowers it

Where are each produced

A

Calcitrol proximal tubule KidneysRaises it
Parathyroid hormone Raises it

Calcitonin Thyroid gland Lowers it

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18
Q

Relases Cortisol & Aldosterone

What do Cortisol and Aldostrone do?

A

Adrenal Cortex

Cortisol is the Stress Hormone and releases glucose into the blood.

Aldosterone regulates salt and water

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19
Q

Cortisol is a stress hormone what is its function

Where is it released from?

A

Increases blood sugar & Anti-inflammatory

Adrenal Cortex

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20
Q

Aldosterone released from the adrenal cortex serves what function

A

Regulates blood volume

Salt and water balance

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21
Q

Adrenal Medulla releases a class of hormones called:

Gives examples of these hormones

What do they do?

A

Catecholamines

Epinephrine aka Adrenaline

Norepinephrine

Fight or flight response

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22
Q

Gonads in females and males

A

Ovaries

Testies

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23
Q

Classes of hormones

Autocrine: functions where

Paracrine: functions where

Endocrine: functions where

A

At the cell that secrets them

Regionally: exp. Hypothalamus that affect the pituitary gland

Endocrine: Distance

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24
Q

3 types of Hormones are _______ , ________ , ______.

Where are these hormone receptors?

A

Protein / Polypeptide & Steroids (Lipids)

Protein has a receptor on the cell surface and requires a 2nd messanger

Steroids the receptor is inside where steriods can pass freely

Tyrosine Derivatives (Thyroid & Catecholamines)

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25
HPA Axis hypothalamic-adrenal Axis is associated with what
Fight or flight
26
HPT hypothalamus-Pituitary-thyroid axis is associated with what?
Rest and digest
27
Which hormone of the posterior pituitary increases blood pressure by water retention
Vasopressin
28
Role of the thymus ( Immune System)
Site where Tcells mature
29
Chemcial signals are called
Ligands
30
Intracellular chemical signals go where?
Produced in one part of the cell "membrane" and travel to other part of the cell, cytoplasm or nucleus.
31
Intercellular chemical signals go where
Signals from cell to cell
32
Exp. Prostaglandin-like chemicals that are secreted in responses to inflammation. Is an example of this kind of intercellular chemical signal
Autocrine: These chemical signals are released by cells and have a local effect on the same cell type.
33
These chemical signals are released by cells and have a local effect on the same cell
Autocrine chemical signals
34
These chemical signals are released by cells and have an effect on other cell type.
Paracrine Chemical signals
35
Exp. Somatostatin, secreted by the pancreas, inhibits the release of insulin by other cells in the pancreas. Which type of interchemical signals is this.
Paracrine
36
These chemical signals are secreted by nerve cells and aid the nervous system. Exp. Acetylcholine produced during stressful encounters.
Neurotransmitters
37
These interchemical signals are produced by women and can influence other womens menstrual cycle.
Pheromones
38
A chemical signal that binds to proteins or glycoproteins are called
Receptor molecules
39
2 major types of receptor molecules that respond to an intercellular chemical signal
Intracellular/ Membrane Bound
40
What is the name of the cell that can respond to a hormone
Target cells
41
This score is exemplary on the teas test
90.87 %
42
Blood glucose levels control insulin secretion is this type of regulation of hormone secretion
Blood levels of chemicals
43
3 types of Regulation of Hormone Secretion
Blood levels if chemicals, ie blood glucose controled by insulin Hormones: pituitary gland releases hormones that act on gonads to release hormones. Nervous system: epinephrine is released from the adrenal Medulla, Nervous system gets stimulation.
44
hormone in the duodenum stimulates the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas.
Chloecytokinin
45
Where does testosterone bind to, which part of the cell?
Inside
46
The liver is endocrine, exocrine, or both?
Both
47
Concertation of hormones in the blood is regulated by
Positive and negative feed back loops
48
How do hormones in the endocrine system move throughout the body
Circulatory system
49
Anti-diuretic hormone is secreted in response to (increased/ decreased) blood plasma levels
Decreased (dehydration)
50
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
Behind the thyroid
51
Which hormone regulates gene function and interacts with receptors inside cells
Thyroid
52
Antidiuretic hormone AKA ______ acts in the periphery to regulate water balance
vasopressin
53
Aldosterone (from the adrenal cortex) causes an ______ in salt and water reabsorption into the bloodstream from the kidney thereby _______ the blood volume
Increase / increasing
54
Vasopressin (made in the Hypothalamus and secreted posterior pituitary) is capable of causing ________ and ______ blood pressure.
Vasoconstriction / increasing
55
The pancreas performs two main functions: Exocrine function: Endocrine function:
Exocine: Amalyse, Lipase, Protease Endocrine: Insulin & Gulcogan
56
Posterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus via
Nerves
57
Anterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus via...
Blood vessels
58
The thyroid produces this that lowers blood calcium levels
Calcitonin
59
Lh to the ovaries produces what hormone? That has this physiological effect
Progesterone/ ovulation
60
Lh to the testies stimulates this cell to produce this hormone
Leydig --> testosterone
61
FSH to the ovaries produces this hormone and has this physiological effect
Estrogen/ developed the oocyte
62
FSH to the testies stimulate this cell to produce this hormone
Sertoli/ Androgen binding hormone
63
Two hormones need to produce sperm
Testosterone & ABH
64
These two hormones are involved in uterus preparation
Progesterone & estrogen
65
What is the expulsion of milk called? Which hormone is involved
Let down Oxytocin
66
Parathyroid hormone does what to calcium concentration
Increases it
67
3 hormones produces by the kidneys and their function
Renin: with Aldosterone Raises blood pressure Erythropoitin: RBC production Calcitrol: Raises blood calcium
68
The anterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus via... The posterior is connected via...
Anterior: blood vessels Posterior: nerves
69
Thyrotropin RH Corticotropin RH Growth Hormone RH Prolactin RH Gonadotropin RH Are all released from
Hypothalamus
70
T3 triiodothyronine & T4 thyroxine hormones are relased from this organ to affect development and cellular metabolism Calcitonin is released also and has this affect.
Thyroid Decrease calcium
71
Aldostrone does what to the amount of sodium in the blood
Increases it
72
Adrenal cortex releases... Adrenal medulla releases...
Cortex: Aldostrone & Cortisol Medulla: Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
73
Growth Hormone goes where
All over the body. Affecting many cell types
74
Prolactin from the anterior pituitary stimulates While, oxytocin from the posterior pituitary stimulates
Milk production Milk ejaculate ie. Let down
75
LH in the females stimulates
Progesterone & ovulation
76
FSH in females stimulates
Production of estrogen & Follicle Maturation
77
LH in Males produces this cell type Which produces
Leydig Testosterone
78
FSH in Males produces this cell type Which produce
Sertoli cells Androgen binding hormone
79
Oxytocin from the posterior pituitary has these 2 effects
Uterine contraction & Milk ejection
80
2 hormones from the posterior pituitary
Oxytocin & vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)
81
Melatonin from this gland in the endocrine system regulates sleep and wake cycle
Pineal
82
Which hormone in the thymus stimulates T cell maturation
Thymosin hormone
83
Naturetic peptides from the heart stimulates the kidneys to...
Secrete sodium in urine. Decreasing Blood volume & Blood pressure
84
G cells from the pyloric antrum / duodenum & pancrea release this hormone ______ which does what
Gastrin Stimulates the stomach to release HCL hydrochloric Acid
85
_______ & ______ are hormones produced in your small intestine. Stimulates the Pancreas & Liver to secrete digestive enzymes and bile
Cholecystokinin (CCK) Secretin
86
Adipose tissue secrets this hormone with this effect
Leptin Suppresses appetite
87
These 3 hormones released from the kidneys have what affect Renin Erythropoietin Calcitrol
Renin: increases blood pressure Erythropoietin: Stimulates RBC production Calcitrol: increases calcium reabsorption in the intestines

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