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AP > Smart Edition Test > Flashcards

Smart Edition Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary difference between intracellular chemical signals (ligands) and Intercellular chemical signals (ligands)

A

Intercellular chemical signals produce rapid results

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2
Q

Where ligaments connect to bones they form…

A

Joints

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3
Q

A neurotransmitter is released from the _______ of one neuron and binds to the receptor on the _______ of a different neuron

A

Presynaptic membrane

Postsynaptic membrane

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4
Q

Which glial cell makes the myelin sheath?

A

Schwann cell

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5
Q

What type of bone is the patella classified as

A

Sesamoid bone

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6
Q

Examples of short bones

A

Carpals and tarsals of the wrist and feet

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7
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A

vertebræ, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid.

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8
Q

the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, hip bone (coxal bone), sternum, ribs, and scapulae.

Are examples of this type of bone

A

Flat

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9
Q

vertebræ, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid

Are examples of these types of bones

A

Irregular

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10
Q

arms (humerus, ulna, radius) and legs (femur, tibia, fibula), as well as in the fingers (metacarpals, phalanges) and toes (metatarsals, phalanges).

Are examples of these types of bones

A

Long bones

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11
Q

_____ is found at the end of long bones. It consists mostly of _______ bone. Bone growth occurs from this part of the bone

A

Epiphysis

Spongy bone

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12
Q

This process transforms soft Cartilage into hard bones

A

Ossification

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13
Q

________ are called bone forming cells and can be stimulated to differentiate into osteocytes

A

Osteoblasts

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14
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone is known to alter ______ concentration that is excreted from the urinary system

  1. Ammonia
  2. Creatinine
  3. Sodium
  4. Urine
A
  1. Urine
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15
Q

Which part of the urinary cycle involves the return of important substances back into the blood stream?

A

Tubular Reabsorption

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16
Q

When antidiuretic hormone ADH is present it causes (more / less) water to be reabsored and retained

A

More

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17
Q

Under linnaean system of taxonomy there are 7 classifications. Starting where and ending with what

A

Kingdom- Species

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18
Q

What does photosynthesis use ATP for?

A

To make sugars in the Calvin Cycle

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19
Q

Are mitosis and meiosis both considered asexual reproduction why or why not?

A

Not.

Mitosis is asexual reproduction

Meiosis uses 2 parent cells to make a daughter cell

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20
Q

When a researcher determines the cause-and-effect relationship between 2 variables, what part of the scientific method are they planning?

  1. Analysis
  2. Conclusion
  3. Experiment
  4. Hypothesis
A
  1. Analysis
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21
Q

During experimental _______, results from data collection are analyzed for cause-and-effect relationships.

A

Analysis

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22
Q

The central structure of the thoracic cavity it contains the heart and esophagus

A

Mediastinum

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23
Q

Covers the surface of most bones except the joints of long bones

A

Periosteum

24
Q

How does most carbon dioxide travel through the body, in which form?

A

Bicarbonate ions

25
Q

______ is formed from carbon dioxide and water

A

Carbonic Acid

26
Q

If breathing too shallowly a build up of carbonic acids will make the blood this….

A

Acidic

27
Q

Hyperventilating leads to this condition in the blood

A

Alkalosis

28
Q

How do kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis

A

Reabsorb HC03 & Secrete H+

29
Q

What it HC0³

A

Bicarbonate

30
Q

How do the kidneys deal with alkalosis.

A

Excreting HCO³ and limiting its production

31
Q

Constricted blood vessels are associated with which nervous system?

A

Sympathetic

32
Q

Which valves are responsible for the sound of the heart beat

A

Lub. Bi & Tricuspid

Dub. Aortic & Pulmonary Semilunar

33
Q

Depending on which _____ is inherited, parential offspring will have one of 4 major blood groups

A

Antigen

34
Q

______ causes maturation of an egg in the ovary

________ stimulates the release of the egg

_____ & _______ maintain the uterus lining in females

A

FSH

LH

Estrogen & Progesterone

35
Q

Apocrine / Eccrine what is the difference

A

Apocrine = Armpits / Groin

Eccrine = all over body

36
Q

What happens after a B cell attches its antibody to a microbe?

A

Antibody marks it for destruction

37
Q

How do B cells fight pathogens

A

Antibodies

38
Q

Decreased calcium content contributes to poor skeletal muscle contractability, which structure does this low calcium affect in the muscle

A

Sarcoplasmic reticlum

39
Q

_______ surrounds myofibrils in skeletal muscle fiber and houses a certain concentration of calcium ions

A

Sarcoplasmic reticlum

40
Q

3 regions of the brain

A

Cerebellum, Brainstem, Cerebrum

41
Q

______ is found between the thalamus and the spinal cord. Unconscious functions like Breathing, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure are controlled by it

A

Brainstem

42
Q

________ (or bone metabolism) is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called bone ________) and new bone tissue is formed (a process called ______ or new bone formation

A

Bone remodeling

Resorption

Ossification

43
Q

The glomerulus is a type of _______ that functions as a filter

A

Capillary bed

44
Q

In taxonomic system, each level is found in the level (below / above) it?

A

Above

45
Q

Chemistry

The amount of energy released in a reaction is equal to the difference between the ______ & ________

A

Reactants & Products

46
Q

What is the charge of the nucleus of an atom?

A

Positive

47
Q

5 liters is equal to how many quarts

              4.7 or  5.3
A

5.3

1 liter = 1.06 quarts

48
Q

What happens to a Brønstead-Lowry base in an aqueous solution?

A

Accepts hydrogen ions and increases hydroxide ion concentration

49
Q

H H H H H H
C S² I N B C
L O⁴ O³ r L
O³ & O⁴

  What are these? What is the mnemonic to remember them
A

Strong acids

CSI NBC

50
Q

Li Na K Rb Cs
OH OH OH OH OH

          What are these? What do they have in common?
A

Strong bases - Fully dissociate in H²O

Found in the first column of the Table

                    Alkalai
51
Q

Ca Sr Ba
(OH)² (OH)² (OH)²

What are these? What do they have in common?

Which ones (not shown) are part of this group but not the same

A

Strong bases. Alkaline bases

Be & Mg excluded

52
Q

NH⁴OH is an example of what?

A

Weak base

53
Q

Which bond is the most polar?

          N-C , N-F , N-N , N-O

How can you tell?

A

N-F

F or fluorine is the furthest to the right meaning it has the most Electronegativity, Meaning it makes the most polar bond

54
Q

The melting point of a substance is which kind of property?

A

Intensive

55
Q

Describe Cohesión

Describe Adhesión

A

Cohesión is the physical property where molecules of water stick to eachother

Adhesión is the physical property where water molecules stick to something else.

56
Q

________ is the specialised tissue of vascular plants that transports water and nutrients from the plant–soil interface to stems and leaves, and provides mechanical support and storage

A

Xylem

57
Q

This is the process bones use to produce red blood cells and stem cells, which differentiate to a variety of different cell types in the body.

A

Hematopoiesis

AP (37 decks)

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