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AP > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

6 steps of digestion

A

Ingestion

Propulsion

Mechanical Breakdown

Chemical Digestion

Absorption

Defecation

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2
Q

4 monomers that make up macromolecules

A

Monosaccharide / Sugar

glycerol / fatty acids

Amino acids

Nucleotides

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3
Q

Alimentary canal is also known as

A

Gastrointestinal tract

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4
Q

List in order the organs that are involved in digestion

A

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

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5
Q

Where are Stratfied Squamous Epithelial Tissue found in the digestive tract

A

Mouth

Esophagus

Anus

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6
Q

What type of cells is the stomach, small & large intestine lined with

A

Simple columnar epithelial cells

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7
Q

Inner most layer of the digestive tract

A

Mucosal layer

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8
Q

The mucosal layer can be divided into 3 layers start with the most interior

A

Epithelium

Lamina propria

Muscularis Mucosae

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9
Q

4 layers of digestive tract stating with most superficial

A

Serosa

Muscularis externa

Submucosal

Mucosal

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10
Q

What is the buccal cavity

A

The mouth

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11
Q

What is a wad of food chewed up and mixed with saliva called?

A

Bolus

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12
Q

What type of motion does food go down the pharynx?

A

Peristalsis

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13
Q

Where is the extra layer located in the stomach

A

Muscularis Externa

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14
Q

Where do the gastric pits lead to?

What do they do?

A

Lead to the Gastric Glands

Allow cells located in the Gastric Pits to release chemical digestive “things” into the stomach

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15
Q

Which cell releases Hydrochloric Acid

A

Parietal cells

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16
Q

Where does pepsinogen come from?

What does it do?

A

Chief Cells

Reacts with Hydrochloric Acid to make pepsin

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17
Q

What digest protein

A

Pepsin

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18
Q

Which cell in the gastric pits release regulatory hormones

A

Enteroendocrine Cells

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19
Q

What does the enteroendocrine cells release to aid in digestion

A

Serotonin

Histamine

20
Q

What do enteroendocrine cells located in the gastric pits release to inhibit digestion

A

Somastatins

21
Q

The most important hormone for stimulating gastric activity is______

Which cell is it released from

A

Gastrin

G cells

22
Q

Stomach secretion occurs in 3 phases

Describe what happens in each phase.

A
  1. Cephalic Brain controls stomach by the vagus nerve
  2. Gastric Stretch receptors in the stomach start the release of digestive juices
  3. Intestinal Regulates the amount of food allowed into the small intestine.
23
Q

Which type of digestive movement propels food through the digestive tract

A

Peristalsis

24
Q

This type of movement of food occurs mainly in the small intestine and consists of back and forth movements

A

Segmentation

25
Q

What does a bolus get turned into in the stomach

A

Chyme

26
Q

Which 2 structures in the small intestine allow for absorption of nutrients

A

Villi and Microvilli

27
Q

Which part of the small Intestine does most chemical digestion take place

A

Duodenum

28
Q

Which part of the small intestine does most nutrient absorption take place?

A

Jejunum

29
Q

Part of the small intestine where the vitamins are absorbed

A

Jejenum

30
Q

Brush boarder enzymes are located where?

A

Small intestine

31
Q

Which accessory organ releases bicarbonate

A

Pancreas

32
Q

Which is the largest gland in the body?

A

Liver

33
Q

The liver can be divided into 4 lobes called

A

Right, left, quadrate, caudate

34
Q

Functions of this organ include

Produces Bile

Stores glycogen & vitamins

Processes and eliminates toxins

Produces hormone, clotting, and plasma proteins

A

Liver

35
Q

This organ releases

Trypsin

Peptidase

Amalyse

Lipase

Nuclease

A

Pancreas

36
Q

This organs main function is to absorb extra water before defecation

A

Large intestine

37
Q

What do parietal cells do?

A

Release Hydrochloric Acid

38
Q

Difference between ghrelin and leptin

A

Ghrelin increases appetite

Leptin decreases appetite

39
Q

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward

A

Peristalsis

40
Q

the liver has four lobes:right, left, caudate, and quadrate.

The _____ lobe is located on the inferior surface of the right lobe.

The_____ lobeis located between the left and right lobes in an anterior and superior location.

A

quadrate

caudate

41
Q

Pepsinogen secreted by chief cells come from this organ _____ and breaks down proteins in an acid environment

A

Stomach

42
Q

The small intestine itself releases these 2 Brush Boarder Enzymes to break down food

A

Protease / Lactase

43
Q

Enzymes made in the pancreas and delivered to the small intestine include

Amylase: breaks down
Trypsin: breaks down
Lipase: breaks down

A

Startch
Protein
Lipids

44
Q

Animals store glucose as:

Plants store glucose as:

A

Glycogen

Starch

45
Q

Deamination in the liver: The animo group (-NH²) in amigo acids is converted to ______ ; which the liver changes to urea

A

Ammonia

46
Q

The _____ absorbs bile acids, fluid, and vitamin B-12.

A

ileum

AP (37 decks)

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