Digestion

Question 1

6 steps of digestion

Answer 1

Ingestion

Propulsion

Mechanical Breakdown

Chemical Digestion

Absorption

Defecation

Question 2

4 monomers that make up macromolecules

Answer 2

Monosaccharide / Sugar

glycerol / fatty acids

Amino acids

Nucleotides

Question 3

Alimentary canal is also known as

Answer 3

Gastrointestinal tract

Question 4

List in order the organs that are involved in digestion

Answer 4

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Question 5

Where are Stratfied Squamous Epithelial Tissue found in the digestive tract

Answer 5

Mouth

Esophagus

Anus

Question 6

What type of cells is the stomach, small & large intestine lined with

Answer 6

Simple columnar epithelial cells

Question 7

Inner most layer of the digestive tract

Answer 7

Mucosal layer

Question 8

The mucosal layer can be divided into 3 layers start with the most interior

Answer 8

Epithelium

Lamina propria

Muscularis Mucosae

Question 9

4 layers of digestive tract stating with most superficial

Answer 9

Serosa

Muscularis externa

Submucosal

Mucosal

Question 10

What is the buccal cavity

Answer 10

The mouth

Question 11

What is a wad of food chewed up and mixed with saliva called?

Answer 11

Bolus

Question 12

What type of motion does food go down the pharynx?

Answer 12

Peristalsis

Question 13

Where is the extra layer located in the stomach

Answer 13

Muscularis Externa

Question 14

Where do the gastric pits lead to?

What do they do?

Answer 14

Lead to the Gastric Glands

Allow cells located in the Gastric Pits to release chemical digestive “things” into the stomach

Question 15

Which cell releases Hydrochloric Acid

Answer 15

Parietal cells

Question 16

Where does pepsinogen come from?

What does it do?

Answer 16

Chief Cells

Reacts with Hydrochloric Acid to make pepsin

Question 17

What digest protein

Answer 17

Pepsin

Question 18

Which cell in the gastric pits release regulatory hormones

Answer 18

Enteroendocrine Cells

Question 19

What does the enteroendocrine cells release to aid in digestion

Answer 19

Serotonin

Histamine

Question 20

What do enteroendocrine cells located in the gastric pits release to inhibit digestion

Answer 20

Somastatins

Question 21

The most important hormone for stimulating gastric activity is______

Which cell is it released from

Answer 21

Gastrin

G cells

Question 22

Stomach secretion occurs in 3 phases

Describe what happens in each phase.

Answer 22

1. Cephalic Brain controls stomach by the vagus nerve
2. Gastric Stretch receptors in the stomach start the release of digestive juices
3. Intestinal Regulates the amount of food allowed into the small intestine.

Question 23

Which type of digestive movement propels food through the digestive tract

Answer 23

Peristalsis

Question 24

This type of movement of food occurs mainly in the small intestine and consists of back and forth movements

Answer 24

Segmentation

Question 25

What does a bolus get turned into in the stomach

Answer 25

Chyme

Question 26

Which 2 structures in the small intestine allow for absorption of nutrients

Answer 26

Villi and Microvilli

Question 27

Which part of the small Intestine does most chemical digestion take place

Answer 27

Duodenum

Question 28

Which part of the small intestine does most nutrient absorption take place?

Answer 28

Jejunum

Question 29

Part of the small intestine where the vitamins are absorbed

Answer 29

Jejenum

Question 30

Brush boarder enzymes are located where?

Answer 30

Small intestine

Question 31

Which accessory organ releases bicarbonate

Answer 31

Pancreas

Question 32

Which is the largest gland in the body?

Answer 32

Liver

Question 33

The liver can be divided into 4 lobes called

Answer 33

Right, left, quadrate, caudate

Question 34

Functions of this organ include Produces Bile Stores glycogen & vitamins Processes and eliminates toxins Produces hormone, clotting, and plasma proteins

Answer 34

Liver

Question 35

This organ releases Trypsin Peptidase Amalyse Lipase Nuclease

Answer 35

Pancreas

Question 36

This organs main function is to absorb extra water before defecation

Answer 36

Large intestine

Question 37

What do parietal cells do?

Answer 37

Release Hydrochloric Acid

Question 38

Difference between ghrelin and leptin

Answer 38

Ghrelin increases appetite Leptin decreases appetite

Question 39

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward

Answer 39

Peristalsis

Question 40

the liver has four lobes: right, left, caudate, and quadrate. The _____ lobe is located on the inferior surface of the right lobe. The _____ lobe is located between the left and right lobes in an anterior and superior location.

Answer 40

quadrate caudate

Question 41

Pepsinogen secreted by chief cells come from this organ _____ and breaks down proteins in an acid environment

Answer 41

Stomach

Question 42

The small intestine itself releases these 2 Brush Boarder Enzymes to break down food

Answer 42

Protease / Lactase

Question 43

Enzymes made in the pancreas and delivered to the small intestine include Amylase: breaks down Trypsin: breaks down Lipase: breaks down

Answer 43

Startch Protein Lipids

Question 44

Animals store glucose as: Plants store glucose as:

Answer 44

Glycogen Starch

Question 45

Deamination in the liver: The animo group (-NH²) in amigo acids is converted to ______ ; which the liver changes to urea

Answer 45

Ammonia

Question 46

The _____ absorbs bile acids, fluid, and vitamin B-12.

Answer 46

ileum