Bones Flashcards
1
Q
Blood cell production
A
Hematopoiesis
2
Q
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
A
Red Bone Marrow
3
Q
How many bones in the human body?
A
206
4
Q
The two divisions of the skeleton are:
A
Axial (Skull, Vertebrates, Rib cage)
Appendicular(Everything Else)
5
Q
4 shapes of bones
A
- Long bones ( Classic Dog Bone Shape)
- Short bones (Cube Shapped - Talus)
- Flat bones (Thin Sternum & Scapula)
- Irregular ( Vertebrate & Pelvis)
6
Q
What are the 2 types of bone found within a bone?
A
Compact or Cortical
Spongy
7
Q
What makes up spongy bones?
A
Trabeculae
8
Q
Two types of bone marrow and their function
A
Red: hematopoiesis
Yellow: Stores Fat as energy
9
Q
What is the bulb like projection at the end of a long bone called?
A
Epiphyses
10
Q
What does the epiphyses contain?
A
Red Bone Marrow
11
Q
What is the long middle portion of a long bone called?
A
Diaphysis
12
Q
What does the center of the diaphysis contain instead of spongy bone?
A
Medullary Cavity which contains Yellow Bone Marrow
13
Q
Basic structural unit of bones
A
Osteon
14
Q
What are osteons composed of ?
A
Lumellae
15
Q
Which structure in the osteons contain blood vessels
A
Central Canals
16
Q
What are osteocytes?
A
Mature bone cells that monitor and maintain bone material
17
Q
Where can you find the Osteocytes
A
In Lucunea
18
Q
Osteocytes give directions to _______ (Bone making) and ________ (Bone Breaking) cells
A
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
19
Q
What happens to the osteoclasts when they are done breaking down bone?
A
Apoptosis
20
Q
Non moving joints are called
(Based on Function)
Give example
A
Synarthroses
Cranium
21
Q
Partly-moving joints
(Functional Classification)
Give example
A
Amphiarthroses
Where pubic bones meet to form the Pelvis
22
Q
Fully moveable joints are called
Give example
A
Diarthroses
Knee
23
Q
3 structural classification of joints
A
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
24
Q
Connect bones with dense fibrous tissue
Dont move
A
Fibrous joints
25
This Structural Classification of joints Dont move very much
Cartilaginous
26
These joints contain:
Bandlike ligaments
Joint cavity
Fibrous joint capsule
Lubricating fluid
Synovial joints
27
The top Vertebrate is called:
The atlas
28
Name the vertebrae from superior to inferior and their numbers
Cervical 1 - 7
Thoracic 8 - 19
Lumbar 20 - 25
29
How are the ribs classified/ named
True ribs 1 - 7
False ribs 8 - 12
Floating ribs 11 & 12
30
What bone is in the center of the rib cage?
Sternum
31
Functional classification of joints ( How they move )
Synarthroses (Non Moving)
Amphiarthroses (Partly-Moving)
Diarthrosew (Fully Moveable)
32
6 types of synovial joints
Ball and socket
Condylar
Hinge
Pivot
Plane
Saddle
33
Bending movement that decreases the angle of joint
Flexion
34
Increasing the angle of a joint
Extension
35
Increasing the angle of a joint beyond normal anatomical physiologically
Hyperextension
36
Moving arms above head is an example of which type of movement
Abduction
37
Moving arms back towards body is called
Adduction
38
Palm facing forward is an example of:
Palm facing backward is an example of:
Supination
Pronation
39
Plane joints allow which type of movement?
Give example
Gliding
Carpals and tarsals
40
What attaches bones to bones
Ligaments
41
What connects muscle to bones
Tendons
42
Spongy bone aka
Cancellous bone
43
Compact bone aka
Corticle
44
Cortical or Cancellous bone which is made of osteons
Cortical
45
Haversian canal is aka
Central canal
46
Surronding the spongy bone is the periosteum which consists of blood vessels, nerves , and lymph vessels that nurish the bones.
True or False
False
The periosteum surronds the Compact bone
47
A 5th type of bones exists Sesamoid (small bone) an example of which is the Patella
True or False
True
48
What type of Cartilage covers the Epiphysis
Articular Cartilage
49
______ is the process of bone formation that occurs first during embryonic development
Ossification
50
2 minerals that primarily make up the bone
Calcium & Phosphorus
51
Mature bones are constantly being broken down through a process called
Bone resorption
52
Ossification is a bone-forming process that happens typically in childhood
True or False
True
53
The Medullary Cavity Contains both Yellow & Red bone marrow
True or False
True
Disregard all information that says otherwise
54
Bone-reabsobing cells found on the surface of bone and used to disolve the bones
Osteoclasts
55
How many bones do you have at birth?
450
150
99
270
270
56
What is another name for the collar bone?
Carpal
Scapula
Xiphoid process
Clavicle
Clavicle
57
What are the small bones that make up the wrist area called?
Metacarpals
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Carpals
Carpals
58
What are the small bones that extend beyond the small bones in the wrist, and make up the lower portion of the hand?
Metacarpals
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Carpals
Metacarpals
59
The top portion of the sternum is called:
Manubrium
Xiphoid process
What is the bottom portion called
Manubrium Top
Xiphoid process Bottom
60
The shoulder blade bone is called
Scapula
61
The large, triangual bone that begins below the lumbar vertebrae and wedges between the posterior of the pelvis is called the:
Coccyx
Pelvicular notch
Thoracic Vertebrae
Sacrum
Sacrum
62
The osteocytes are arranged in concentric rings of bone matrix called ...
lamellae (little plates)
63
Small channels (named) _____radiate from the lacunae to the osteonic (haversian) canal to provide passageways of Nutrients in and Waste out
Canaliculi
64
Osteocytes are stationary cells that sit in depressions in the lamellae. These depressions are called __________.
lacunae
central canals
osteons
Lacunae
65
Since osteocytes are stationary cells, they have to receive their nutrients via the __________.
lacunae
canaliculi
trabeculae
Canaliculi
66
Which of the following is the growing line or growth zone or growth plate of the long bones?
epiphysis
diaphysis
metaphysis
Metaphysis
67
The long bones of our body, such as the humerus and femur, are made of compact bone, periosteum, and endosteum. Which of the following represents those bone components in proper sequence going from internal to external?
endosteum, compact bone, periosteum
endosteum, periosteum, compact bone
periosteum, compact bone, periosteum
endosteum, compact bone, periosteum
68
When a bone is broken, it must repair itself. The broken bone stimulates osteoblast cells to become osteocytes. Where are the osteoblast cells located?
in the bone marrow
in the periosteum
in the compact bone area
Periosteum
69
Ligaments connect one bone to another and tendons connect a muscle to a bone. Ligaments and tendons connect to which part of bone material?
endosteum
epiphysis
periosteum
Periosteum
70
Articular cartilage is found __________.
at the ends of the epiphysis
on the outside of the diaphysis
within the epiphyseal plate
At the end of the epiphysis
71
______ is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton and new bone tissue is formed
Bone remodeling
72
________ is, the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone tissue to the blood.
Bone resorption
73
Bones can grow longer when the cartilage cells in the __________ begin to divide.
diaphysis
epiphysis
epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal plate
74
The new cartilage that undergoes division to ultimately be replaced by bone is found in which of the following areas?
epiphyseal plate nearest the diaphysis
epiphyseal plate nearest the epiphysis
center of the epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal plate nearest the epiphysis
75
Which of the following statements best describes how parathyroid hormone (PTH) affects the serum concentration of calcium.
PTH stimulates (osteoclasts/ osteoblasts) to (increase/ decrease) calcium level in serum
Osteoclasts / Increase
76
What is the primary Glycogen storage in humans
Liver
77
Which or both or neither are avascular
Bone/ cartilage
Cartilage
78
Which or both or neither is Innervated (contains nerves)
Bones / Cartilage
Only bones
79
Which of the following is the main organic component of bones
Collagen
Keratin
Elastin
Hydroxyapatite
Collagen
80
Which type of cell produces osteoid, a combination of proteins that become mineralized to produce new bone tissue?
Osteoblasts
81
Osteoporosis is a disease caused by the imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation that causes weakening of the bones. The medication ibandronate treats osteoporosis by slowing bone loss. If ibandronate is transported through the blood, how will it most directly reach bone tissue?
Through the haversian canal
82
The following may or may not be steps included in the endochondral ossification of long bones:
I Ossification of the epiphyses
II Ossification of the diaphysis
III Intramembranous ossification
IV Formation of the epiphyseal plate
V Formation of a hyaline cartilage model
V - II - I - IV
83
______ is the process of bone formation. This process begins between the sixth and seventh weeks of embryonic development and continues until about age twenty-five;
Bone ossification/ osteogenisis
