Nervous System Flashcards
Nervous system can be divided into 2 parts
Central and Peripheral Nervous system
The Peripheral nervous system can be divided into 2 systems
Somatic (Voluntary)
Autonomic (Involuntary)
Autonomic (involuntary) had 2 systems
What are thier functions
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Sympathetic Fight or flight
Parasympathetic Rest and Digest
CNS glial cell that: Supports & Regulate Ions
Astrocyte
CNS Glial cell that defends
Microglial cell
CNS Glial cell that lines the cavity
Ependymal cells
CNS Glial cell that Wrap and Insulate forming a myelin sheath
Oligodendrocyte
PNS Glial cell that surrounds the neuron cell body
Satellite cell
PNS Glial cell that Insulate, help form myelin sheath
Schwan’s cell
Which type of neurons are sensory or affrent
Unipolar
Motor or efferent neurons are which shape
Multipolar
What is the function of an interneuron and which shape are they?
They communicate between sensory and motor neurons
Multipolar
Type of channel that opens when a neurotransmitter latches on to its receptor
Ligand-gated Channels
What is the mechanism by which controls membrane potential?
Sodium potassium pump
The difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a cell
Membrane Potential
How does the PNS receive information
Through the use of what?
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Nociceptora (Pain)
Affrent:
Efferent: AKA
Sensory: Towards the CNS
Motor: away from the CNS
Clusters of neuron cell bodies that house millions of synapses
Ganglia
Function of muscle and spindle fibers
Prevent a muscle from over stretching
Explain 5 components Reflex Arc
What is its purpose
- Receptor
- Sensory (Affarent) Neuron
- Control / Intergration Center
Interneuron - Motor (Efferent) Neuron
- Effector ( Muscle )
By pass the CNS for a quick response
Afferent neurons go where
Efferent neurons go where
Towards CNS
Away from CNS
When pain is sent to the brain, which areas does it go to.
Thalamus: “The Router”
Somatosensory Cortex: IDs and localizes the pain.
Limbic system: Emotional Suffering
Frontal lobe: Allows you to figure out WHY your in pain;Example: I stepped on a tack.
Where do Sympathetic Nerves arise from?
Thoracolumbar Area
Where do Parasympathetic Nerves arise from?
2 regions: Craniosacral
A chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse, by diffusion across the synapse or junction, transferring the impulse to another nerve fiber, muscle , or other structure
Neurotransmitter
Cheif neurotransmitter of the Parasympathetic nervous system that contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood vessels, increase bodily secretions, and slows heart rate
Acetylcholine (AcH)
Order of transmission from stimuli to action in Sympathetic Nervous system
Preganglion cell
Ganglion
Postganglion
Effector organ
All pre & post Ganglion cells release _______ except ______ _______ which releases norepinephrine
ACh Acetylcholine
Post Ganglionic Sympathetic
Sympathetic NS also actives the Endocrine system by stimulating the _______ _______ to release norepinephrine & epinephrine
Adrenal Glands
Do neurotransmitters Inhibts or Excite Effectors?
Both
Alpha receptors on smooth muscle do what in the presence of norepinephrine?
How about beta cells?
Alpha Cells contract smooth muscle
Beta Cells relax smooth muscle
Sympathetic nerves are located where?
Parasympathetic?
Sympathetic: Thorocolumbar (Near Spinal Cord)
Parasympathetic: Cranial Sacral (Near Effectors)
Onward old orcs towards the argonath for a great villain, slays hobbits.
12 cranial nerves mnemonic
Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more
Mnemonic to remember if a cranial nerve is motor or sensory or both
12 cranial nerves in order
Olfactory
optic
oculurmotor
trochlear
trigeminal ( Face & Jaw)
abducens ( Some eye movements)
facial ( Expressions)
auditory
glossopharyngeal (tongue & pharynx)
Vagus (Heart & Stomach)
Spinal accessory (Move head )
Hypoglossal (Swallow & Talk)
Difference between a Plexus and a Ganglion?
A Ganglion is a bundle of nerves
A Plexus is made of Ganglion
Spinal nerves that brach off the spinal cord are part of which portion of the nervous system?
Central
Peripheral
Autonomic
Autonomic
the site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells (neurons) or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell (effector)
Neuromuscular junction/ synapse
Neurons only can transmit 1 signal but can vary its _____ to change its meaning
Frequency (Number of time)
The measure of potential energy generated by separated charge
Membrane Potential in body
Voltage in physics
Flow of electricity from 1 point to another
Current
The sodium ions on the outside of a neuron have this charge.
While the potassium in the inside of this charge
Positive (More Positive)/ Positive
____ are changes in membrane potential that vary in size, as opposed to being all-or-none
Graded potential
The ______ are specialized to release the neurotransmitters of the presynaptic cell.
Axon terminals
What affect does myelin have on an axon
myelin sheath: speeds up signal transmission along the axon
This regular state of a negative concentration gradient is called _____
resting membrane potential.
Which term describes the cell membrane potential of a neuron at rest?
Polarized
Depolarized
Repolarized
Hyperpolarized
Polarized
