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AP > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system can be divided into 2 parts

A

Central and Peripheral Nervous system

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2
Q

The Peripheral nervous system can be divided into 2 systems

A

Somatic (Voluntary)
Autonomic (Involuntary)

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3
Q

Autonomic (involuntary) had 2 systems

What are thier functions

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Sympathetic Fight or flight

Parasympathetic Rest and Digest

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4
Q

CNS glial cell that: Supports & Regulate Ions

A

Astrocyte

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5
Q

CNS Glial cell that defends

A

Microglial cell

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6
Q

CNS Glial cell that lines the cavity

A

Ependymal cells

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7
Q

CNS Glial cell that Wrap and Insulate forming a myelin sheath

A

Oligodendrocyte

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8
Q

PNS Glial cell that surrounds the neuron cell body

A

Satellite cell

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9
Q

PNS Glial cell that Insulate, help form myelin sheath

A

Schwan’s cell

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10
Q

Which type of neurons are sensory or affrent

A

Unipolar

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11
Q

Motor or efferent neurons are which shape

A

Multipolar

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12
Q

What is the function of an interneuron and which shape are they?

A

They communicate between sensory and motor neurons

Multipolar

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13
Q

Type of channel that opens when a neurotransmitter latches on to its receptor

A

Ligand-gated Channels

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14
Q

What is the mechanism by which controls membrane potential?

A

Sodium potassium pump

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15
Q

The difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a cell

A

Membrane Potential

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16
Q

How does the PNS receive information

Through the use of what?

A

Thermoreceptors

Photoreceptors

Chemoreceptors

Mechanoreceptors

Nociceptora (Pain)

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17
Q

Affrent:

Efferent: AKA

A

Sensory: Towards the CNS

Motor: away from the CNS

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18
Q

Clusters of neuron cell bodies that house millions of synapses

A

Ganglia

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19
Q

Function of muscle and spindle fibers

A

Prevent a muscle from over stretching

20
Q

Explain 5 components Reflex Arc

What is its purpose

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory (Affarent) Neuron
  3. Control / Intergration Center
    Interneuron
  4. Motor (Efferent) Neuron
  5. Effector ( Muscle )

By pass the CNS for a quick response

21
Q

Afferent neurons go where

Efferent neurons go where

A

Towards CNS

Away from CNS

22
Q

When pain is sent to the brain, which areas does it go to.

A

Thalamus: “The Router”

Somatosensory Cortex: IDs and localizes the pain.

Limbic system: Emotional Suffering

Frontal lobe: Allows you to figure out WHY your in pain;Example: I stepped on a tack.

23
Q

Where do Sympathetic Nerves arise from?

A

Thoracolumbar Area

24
Q

Where do Parasympathetic Nerves arise from?

A

2 regions: Craniosacral

25
Q

A chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse, by diffusion across the synapse or junction, transferring the impulse to another nerve fiber, muscle , or other structure

A

Neurotransmitter

26
Q

Cheif neurotransmitter of the Parasympathetic nervous system that contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood vessels, increase bodily secretions, and slows heart rate

A

Acetylcholine (AcH)

27
Q

Order of transmission from stimuli to action in Sympathetic Nervous system

A

Preganglion cell

Ganglion

Postganglion

Effector organ

28
Q

All pre & post Ganglion cells release _______ except ______ _______ which releases norepinephrine

A

ACh Acetylcholine

Post Ganglionic Sympathetic

29
Q

Sympathetic NS also actives the Endocrine system by stimulating the _______ _______ to release norepinephrine & epinephrine

A

Adrenal Glands

30
Q

Do neurotransmitters Inhibts or Excite Effectors?

A

Both

31
Q

Alpha receptors on smooth muscle do what in the presence of norepinephrine?

How about beta cells?

A

Alpha Cells contract smooth muscle

Beta Cells relax smooth muscle

32
Q

Sympathetic nerves are located where?

Parasympathetic?

A

Sympathetic: Thorocolumbar (Near Spinal Cord)

Parasympathetic: Cranial Sacral (Near Effectors)

33
Q

Onward old orcs towards the argonath for a great villain, slays hobbits.

A

12 cranial nerves mnemonic

34
Q

Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more

A

Mnemonic to remember if a cranial nerve is motor or sensory or both

35
Q

12 cranial nerves in order

A

Olfactory
optic
oculurmotor
trochlear
trigeminal ( Face & Jaw)
abducens ( Some eye movements)
facial ( Expressions)
auditory
glossopharyngeal (tongue & pharynx)
Vagus (Heart & Stomach)
Spinal accessory (Move head )
Hypoglossal (Swallow & Talk)

36
Q

Difference between a Plexus and a Ganglion?

A

A Ganglion is a bundle of nerves

A Plexus is made of Ganglion

37
Q

Spinal nerves that brach off the spinal cord are part of which portion of the nervous system?

Central
Peripheral
Autonomic

A

Autonomic

38
Q

the site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells (neurons) or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell (effector)

A

Neuromuscular junction/ synapse

39
Q

Neurons only can transmit 1 signal but can vary its _____ to change its meaning

A

Frequency (Number of time)

40
Q

The measure of potential energy generated by separated charge

A

Membrane Potential in body

Voltage in physics

41
Q

Flow of electricity from 1 point to another

A

Current

42
Q

The sodium ions on the outside of a neuron have this charge.

While the potassium in the inside of this charge

A

Positive (More Positive)/ Positive

43
Q

____ are changes in membrane potential that vary in size, as opposed to being all-or-none

A

Graded potential

44
Q

The ______ are specialized to release the neurotransmitters of the presynaptic cell.

A

Axon terminals

45
Q

What affect does myelin have on an axon

A

myelin sheath: speeds up signal transmission along the axon

46
Q

This regular state of a negative concentration gradient is called _____

A

resting membrane potential.

47
Q

Which term describes the cell membrane potential of a neuron at rest?

Polarized
Depolarized
Repolarized
Hyperpolarized

A

Polarized

AP (37 decks)

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