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AP > Lymphatic & Immune System > Flashcards

Lymphatic & Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

A watery solution doesn’t contain red blood cells

A

Lymph

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2
Q

Monitor and cleanse the lymph

A

Lymph nodes

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3
Q

Tonsils, Adenoids, Spleen,Lymph nodes, Pryers Patches

Thymus & Bone Marrow

A

2ndary lymph organs

Primary lymph organs

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4
Q

2 lymphatic ducts

Where do they collect and dump lymph?

A

Right lymphatic duct: Right side of the body from midtorso up

Interal jugglar

Larger Thoracic Duct
Rest of the body

Brociocephalic

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5
Q

Which cells directly attack invaders

A

T cells

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6
Q

Which immune cells secrete Antibodies into the blood

A

B cells

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7
Q

Which type immune cells eat foreign substances

A

Phagocytes

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8
Q

Lymphocytes are found in loose Reticular Conective tissue

True or False

A

True

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9
Q

What does MALT stand for and where is it located

A

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissues

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10
Q

What Malt tissue is located in the distal portion of the small intestine

A

Peyer’s Patches

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11
Q

Innate defense system is aka….

Adaptive defense system is aka…

A

Nonspecific

Specific

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12
Q

Macrophage and neutrophils are both which type of immune cells?

What is the difference

A

Innate / Phagocytes

Neutrophils can only eat once while macrophage can eat many times.

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13
Q

These cells will destroy (release an enzyme that pokes a hole in) your own cells for lack of MHC1 (Major Histocimpatibilty Complex 1) a lack of MHC1 signals a cell is Unhealthy.

A

Natural Killer cells

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14
Q

These immune cells are located in connective tissue Not circulating in the blood.

They are a granulocyte similar to basophil in function

A

Mast cells

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15
Q

Who are the first responders in the immune system

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

Where are the Leukocytes made

A

Red Bone Marrow

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17
Q

Which Leukocytes “sounds the alarm” on invaders and releases histamine

A

Basophils

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18
Q

Adaptive defense can be divided into 2 categories

A

Humoral immunity

Cellular Defenses

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19
Q

Which type of immunity dispatches the Antibodies

A

Humoral

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20
Q

Large signaling molecules that could be a bacteria, fungi, or diseased cell that get the adaptive immune system riled up

A

Antigens

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21
Q

This cell of the adaptive defense matures in the bone marrow. When it encounters an antigen it devours it and makes replicate cells with its antibody on it.

A

B cells

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22
Q

B cells after taking in an antigen clone themselves and make two types of cells as clones

A

Effector cells (fighters)

Memory cells (long lived)

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23
Q

Antibodies can bind to antigens as “free floating” in which 2 manners

A

Agglutination: Several antigens stuck together by antibodies

Neutralization: Antibodies surround the binding sites of the antigen

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24
Q

Active and passive humoral immunity
Give examples

A

Active: B cells coming in direct contact with the antigen

Passive: recieving the antibody made by someone else

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25
Q

What happens after a Professional Antigen Presenting Cell eats an antigen?

What is this called

A

He displays it on his phospholipid bilayer

Class 2 MHC Major Histomine Complex

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26
Q

5 types of T cells

Functions

A
  1. Helper T cells ( Call the shots for humoral adaptive immune responce.)
  2. Cytotoxic ( Do the killing of cells)
  3. Memory
  4. Suppressor
  5. Natural Killer
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27
Q

How helper T cells “ Raise the Alarm”

By “Raising the Alarm” what happens

A

Cytokines

stimulates killer T cells, macrophages, and B cells to make immune responses.

28
Q

Two autoimmune diseases and how and what they effect.

A

MS: eats away at the myelin sheath around neurons

Type 1 diabetes: destroys pancreatic B cells that make insulin

29
Q

The major difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity

A

Humoral immunity produces antigen-specific antibodies, whereas cell-mediated immunity does not

30
Q

Humoral immunity can be divided into 2 types.

Describe them and how they come about.

A

Active: when the body makes its own antibodies

Passive: when the body receives antibodies from another source ( Not self-made)

31
Q

Types of active humoral immune

What are they and give examples

A

Natural: The body makes an antibody after encountering a Pathogen “in the Wild”

Artificial: The body makes an antibody after exposure to a vaccine.

32
Q

2 types of passive humoral response. Give examples

A

Natural: Material Antibodies passed from the placenta

Artificial: A person is given an injection with antibodies. (Gamma gobulin)

33
Q

2 types of immunity

A

Adaptive & Innate

34
Q

Histamines, leukotrienes, prostaglandines are all

A

Inflammatory cytokines

35
Q

In the innate immune system inflammatory cytokines cause (vasodilation/ vasoconstriction) which produces heat and redness

A

Vasodilation

36
Q

What are formed elements in the blood

A

Rbc, wbc, platelets

37
Q

What is edema

A

Swelling of tissues

38
Q

Where are immune cells made

A

Red Bone Marrow

39
Q

Function of the spleen

A

Stores blood.

Filters blood by removing cellular waste and getting rid of old or damaged blood cells.

Makes white blood cells and antibodies that help you fight infection.

Maintains the levels of fluid in your body.

40
Q

Difference between Cytotoxic T cells and Natural Killer cells

A

Natural killers dont need to be presented with an antigen to kill, unlike Cytotoxic T cells

41
Q

Killer T cells and B cells are stimulated to act by a protein that these cells release

A

Helper T cells

42
Q

Which is the first line of defense when a pathogen invades.

B cell

T cell

Macrophage

Mucous covering

A

Mucous covering

43
Q

The immune system in general can be divided into 2 parts

A

Innate & Adaptive

44
Q

Granulocytes including Neutrophils, Esophils, Basophils & Mass cells are this part of the innate immune system

Monocytes which get turned into Macrophages & Dendritic cells are this part of the innate immune system

A

Non-antigen Presenting

Antigen Presenting

45
Q

This Granulocytes of the innate immune system is the most abundant and the 1st responder

A

Neutrophils

46
Q

This Granulocytes of the innate immune system Phagocyses parasites

A

Esonophil

47
Q

These cells work with Mass cells for allergy response

A

Basophils

48
Q

These cells are part of the innate immune system and release histamines

A

Mass cells

49
Q

Released from an infected cell as a Warning to other nearby cells of the infection.

Part of the innate immune system.

A

Interferons

50
Q

These cells are Antigen Presenting cells.

A

Monocyte / Macrophage

Dendritic cells

B

51
Q

_____ found in the blood are activated in tissue and become macrophages

A

Monocytes

52
Q

Adaptive immune system can be divided into 2 categories

A

Humoral & Cell Mediated

53
Q

Adaptive defense contains which type of immune cells in general

A

Lymphocytes

54
Q

Which type of lymphocytes are in cell mediated immunity

A

T cells

55
Q

The adaptive Humoral immune system contains these type of cells

A

B cells

56
Q

What function does the lymphatic system complete?

A

Immune

57
Q

Lymph contains pathogens, which are destroyed in _____ by WBC

A

Lymph nodes

58
Q

This is the “red blood cell graveyard” and monitors the content of the blood

A

Spleen

59
Q

This major feature collects lymph before sending it to the Throasic duct

A

Cisterna Chyli

60
Q

Throasic duct dumps into….

A

Left subclavian and left internal jugglar

61
Q

Right lymphatic duct returns fluid to….

A

Right subclavian and right internal jugglar

62
Q

Lymphocytes consists of…

A

Natural killer, T, B cells

63
Q

Kupffer cells are…

A

Macrophages of the in the liver

64
Q

Dust cells are…

A

Macrophages in the lungs

65
Q

______ act to suppress immune response, thereby maintaining homeostasis and self-tolerance.

A

Regulatory T cells

66
Q

This is a groupings of lymphoid follicles in the mucus membrane that lines your small intestine.

A

Peyer’s patches

AP (37 decks)

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