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AP > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Which are the gonads in females and males

A

Ovaries & Testies

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2
Q

Describe the vulva and its parts

A

External female genital

Mons pubis, labia majora & minora

Vestibule: urethral & vaginal orifice

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3
Q

What are gamates

Are the haploid or diploid

A

Sex cells

Haploid

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4
Q

Which part of the ovary houses the eggs?

Which houses the blood vessels & nerves

A

Cortex

Medulla

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5
Q

What is a primary oocyte and what is it housed inside of

A

An oocyte is an incomplete proto egg

It is housed inside of a follicle

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6
Q

What is egg creation called

A

Oogenesis

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7
Q

Where and why does the menstrual cycle happen

A

In uterus,

to prepare for a fertilized egg

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8
Q

Maturation of the follicle and oocyte happen during this cycle

A

Ovarian cycle

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9
Q

Atresia is ….

A

Programmed self destruction (oocyte)

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10
Q

Which 2 gland of the endocrine system are involved in the Ovarian cycle

A

Hypothalamus & Anterior pituitary

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11
Q

What is Ovulation

A

A mature egg being released from the ovary

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12
Q

Gandotropin Releasing Hormone come from where

And do what

A

Hypothalamus

Stimulates the release of

FSH (folicle stimulating hormone)

LH (leutinzing hormone)

From the anterior pituitary

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13
Q

FSH stimulates the folice to release what substance that in return stimulates the release of LH

A

Estrogen

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14
Q

males, _______ stimulates testosterone release by the Leydig cells of the testes.

In females, ____ stimulates steroid release from the ovaries, ovulation, and the release of progesterone after ovulation by the corpus luteum [8].Sep

A

LH Luteinising Hormone

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15
Q

What does the folice turn into after the mature oocyte goes into the ovary wall

A

Corpus luteum

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16
Q

Which 3 substances does the corpus luteum release to stop the flow of FSH & LH

A

Alot of Progesterone

Small amount of Estrogen

Some inhibin

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17
Q

Path of the oocyte

A

Ovary

Fallopian Tube

Uterus

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18
Q

The Androgen hormone _______ is made in the testies

A

Testosterone

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19
Q

The lobule in the testie is loaded with these sperm factories

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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20
Q

These cells found inside of seminiferous tubules function is to nourish the developing sperm cells

A

Sertoli cells

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21
Q

These cells located in the seminiferous tubules secret testosterone

A

Leydig cells

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22
Q

The Hypothalamus release GnRH which stimulates the _________ to release _____ & ___

A

Anterior pituitary gland

FSH & LH

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23
Q

FSH released from the anterior pituitary in males cause which cells to do what?

A

Leydig cells

Release Testosterone

Sertoli cells to release ABH ( Androgen Binding Hormone)

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24
Q

Function of ABH

A

Attach the testosterone together to ensure a high concentration of testosterone in the testies

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25
Q

Spermatogonia define

A

Stem cells that make sperm

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26
Q

The process by which a spermatid elongates and grows a tail is called

A

Spermiogenesis

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27
Q

Name of cell that surrounds the seminiferous tubule and contracts through peristalsis to move the sperm along

A

Myoid cells

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28
Q

Sperm leaves the testies by way of the

A

Epididymis

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29
Q

Sperm travel from the epididymis to the ….

A

Vas deferens

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30
Q

The fluid from this gland makes up 70% of semen. It’s slightly Alkaline to counter act the male urethra and female vagina

A

Seminal Vesicle

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31
Q

This gland encircles the urethra and is just inferior to the larger Bladder.

A

Prostate

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32
Q

These pea sized glands just below the Prostate secret a fluid that helps to neutralizes the urethra from pervious acid urine

A

Bulboeurthal gland

33
Q

What is the glans penis

A

The head

34
Q

Erectile tissue of the penis

Which areas are they located

A

Corpus Cavernosum: either side of the Ureter

Corpus spongiosum: surrounds the urethra

35
Q

4 stages of Sex

A
  1. Excitement
  2. Plateau
  3. Orgasim
  4. Resolution
36
Q

Sperm can persist in the female reproductive tract for as long as

A

3 - 5 days

37
Q

What is the acrosome

A

The tip of the sperms head

38
Q

What is the outer layer of the 2ndary oocyte called

A

Corona Radiata

39
Q

After the corna radiata in the secondary oocyte is this layer.

A

Zona pellucida

40
Q

After sperm reaches the inner layer of the oocyte Meiosis 2 is complete and makes the large ovum and _______

A

Polar body

41
Q

The 2 nucleus of the sperm and egg fisue together to from a haploid zygote.

True or False

A

False

They form a diploid zygote

42
Q

During the cleavage stage the cells divide from a zygote to 16 cells called

What is the structure called

A

A cell produced during the cleavage stage that form a

Morula

43
Q

A hallow ball of cells made from a morula

A

Blastocyst

44
Q

The blastocyst undergoes Implantation when it puts itself inside this layer of the uterus

Which hormones from which structure aids in this process

A

Endometrium

Estrogen & Progesterone

From the Corpus Luteum

45
Q

Trophoblasts release this hormone that by passes the hypopituitary axis and makes the Corpus Luteium release estrogen & progesterone

A

Human Chorinac Gondaotropin

HCG

46
Q

In this stage the blastocyst differentiates into cell types

A

Embryonic Stage

47
Q

The process of giving birth is called

A

Parturition

48
Q

Which hormone is in control during Implantation

A

HCG

49
Q

This direct communication between inside of cells

For example: Cardiac muscle cells have them to allow immediate passage of action potential which allows cells to contact in synchronously

A

Gap Junctions

50
Q

Uterine muscles start to contract during labor due to these two hormones

A

Oxytocin & Prostaglandin

51
Q

Stages of labor

A

Dilation

Expulsion

Placental

52
Q

What is the difference between Ovulation and Menstruation

A

Ovulation is when a secondary oocyte is released from your ovaries to be fertilized.

Menstruation is the bleeding that occurs after ovulation

53
Q

Oxytocin and this protein _____ whichcontrol processes such as inflammation, blood flow, the formation of blood clots and the induction of labour.

Induce labor

A

Prostaglandin

54
Q

This structure releases female gamates as well as estrogen and progesterone

A

Ovaries

55
Q

Ovarian follicles house

A

Primary oocytes

56
Q

This cycle happens in the uterus to prepare for a fertilized egg

A

Menstrual cycle

57
Q

This cycle is concerned with the maturation of the follicle and egg

A

Ovarian cycle

58
Q

This cycle

Is the maturation of the follicle and egg

This cycle happens in the uterus to prepare for a fertilized egg

A

Ovarian / Menstrual

59
Q

After a blastocyst implants itself part of itself into the endometrium a “Damaged Follice” remains in the uterus.

What does this “Damaged Follice” morph into?

A

Corpus Luteum

60
Q

What is the purpose of the Corpus leutium?

A

Send Progesterone, Estrogen, & Inhibin to stop the relase of FSH & LH

Prepare the uterus for the oocyte

61
Q

The Corpus leutium produces this hormone

A

Progesterone

62
Q

During Ovulation an Ovary releases _____ that heads down the fallopian tube to the uterus

A

Secondary oocyte

63
Q

Fertilization Occurs in the…

A

Fallopian tube

64
Q

When the oocyte compeltes meiosis II, after sperm has entered, what is formed

A

Large ovum & second polar body

65
Q

From morula to a hallow sphere filled with fluid called a

A

Blastocyst

66
Q

Blastocyst has a ring a cells surrounding it called a trophoblast, what is its function

A

Forms placenta

67
Q

An inner cell mass in a blastocyst forms

A

An embryo

68
Q

The ____ implants in the endometrial layer of the uterus with the help of the Corpus leutium

A

Blastocyst

69
Q

Oogonia (Germ cell at birth) 2N
Turns into a _____ also 2N

A

Primary oocyte

70
Q

At the end of meiosis I the primary oocyte is turned into _____ (2 structures)

A

Secondary oocyte and polar body

71
Q

Sperm nucleus fuses with egg nucleus is called

A

Zygote

72
Q

The release of the ___________ from the ovary is called (a) ovulation.

This oocyte is released in response to rapid increase in the secretion of a hormone called ____

A

Secondary oocyte

luteinizing hormone (LH).

73
Q

an early developmental process in which an embryo transforms from a one-dimensional layer of epithelial cells (blastula) and reorganizes into a multilayered and multidimensional structure called the _____

A

gastrula

74
Q

The grastula consists of the endoderm (______), the ectoderm (_____), and the mesoderm (_____).

A

Inner = endoderm
Outer = ectoderm
Middle = mesoderm

75
Q

The blastocyst differs from the _____ in that it is composed of two already differentiated cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophoblast layer

A

Blastula

76
Q

blastula, hollow sphere of cells, or blastomeres, produced during the development of an embryo by repeated cleavage of a fertilized egg.

The cells of the blastula form an epithelial (covering) layer, called the blastoderm, enclosing a fluid-filled cavity, the _____.

A

blastocoel

77
Q

This process of cleavage, or cell division of a zygote, is known as ….

A

segmentation

78
Q

A small, fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains one immature egg.

A

Follicle

AP (37 decks)

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