Reproductive System Flashcards by Jade Ring

Which are the gonads in females and males

Ovaries & Testies

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Describe the vulva and its parts

External female genital

Mons pubis, labia majora & minora

Vestibule: urethral & vaginal orifice

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What are gamates

Are the haploid or diploid

Sex cells

Haploid

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Which part of the ovary houses the eggs?

Which houses the blood vessels & nerves

Cortex

Medulla

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What is a primary oocyte and what is it housed inside of

An oocyte is an incomplete proto egg

It is housed inside of a follicle

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What is egg creation called

Oogenesis

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Where and why does the menstrual cycle happen

In uterus,

to prepare for a fertilized egg

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Maturation of the follicle and oocyte happen during this cycle

Ovarian cycle

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Atresia is ….

Programmed self destruction (oocyte)

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Which 2 gland of the endocrine system are involved in the Ovarian cycle

Hypothalamus & Anterior pituitary

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What is Ovulation

A mature egg being released from the ovary

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Gandotropin Releasing Hormone come from where

And do what

Hypothalamus

Stimulates the release of

FSH (folicle stimulating hormone)

LH (leutinzing hormone)

From the anterior pituitary

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FSH stimulates the folice to release what substance that in return stimulates the release of LH

Estrogen

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males, _______ stimulates testosterone release by the Leydig cells of the testes.

In females, ____ stimulates steroid release from the ovaries, ovulation, and the release of progesterone after ovulation by the corpus luteum [8].Sep

LH Luteinising Hormone

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What does the folice turn into after the mature oocyte goes into the ovary wall

Corpus luteum

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Which 3 substances does the corpus luteum release to stop the flow of FSH & LH

Alot of Progesterone

Small amount of Estrogen

Some inhibin

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Path of the oocyte

Ovary

Fallopian Tube

Uterus

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The Androgen hormone _______ is made in the testies

Testosterone

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The lobule in the testie is loaded with these sperm factories

Seminiferous Tubules

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These cells found inside of seminiferous tubules function is to nourish the developing sperm cells

Sertoli cells

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These cells located in the seminiferous tubules secret testosterone

Leydig cells

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The Hypothalamus release GnRH which stimulates the _________ to release _____ & ___

Anterior pituitary gland

FSH & LH

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FSH released from the anterior pituitary in males cause which cells to do what?

Leydig cells

Release Testosterone

Sertoli cells to release ABH ( Androgen Binding Hormone)

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Function of ABH

Attach the testosterone together to ensure a high concentration of testosterone in the testies

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Spermatogonia define

Stem cells that make sperm

The process by which a spermatid elongates and grows a tail is called

Spermiogenesis

Name of cell that surrounds the seminiferous tubule and contracts through peristalsis to move the sperm along

Myoid cells

Sperm leaves the testies by way of the

Epididymis

Sperm travel from the epididymis to the ....

Vas deferens

The fluid from this gland makes up 70% of semen. It's slightly Alkaline to counter act the male urethra and female vagina

Seminal Vesicle

This gland encircles the urethra and is just inferior to the larger Bladder.

Prostate

These pea sized glands just below the Prostate secret a fluid that helps to neutralizes the urethra from pervious acid urine

Bulboeurthal gland

What is the glans penis

The head

Erectile tissue of the penis Which areas are they located

Corpus Cavernosum: either side of the Ureter Corpus spongiosum: surrounds the urethra

4 stages of Sex

1. Excitement 2. Plateau 3. Orgasim 4. Resolution

Sperm can persist in the female reproductive tract for as long as

3 - 5 days

What is the acrosome

The tip of the sperms head

What is the outer layer of the 2ndary oocyte called

Corona Radiata

After the corna radiata in the secondary oocyte is this layer.

Zona pellucida

After sperm reaches the inner layer of the oocyte Meiosis 2 is complete and makes the large ovum and _______

Polar body

The 2 nucleus of the sperm and egg fisue together to from a haploid zygote. True or False

False They form a diploid zygote

During the cleavage stage the cells divide from a zygote to 16 cells called What is the structure called

A cell produced during the cleavage stage that form a Morula

A hallow ball of cells made from a morula

Blastocyst

The blastocyst undergoes Implantation when it puts itself inside this layer of the uterus Which hormones from which structure aids in this process

Endometrium Estrogen & Progesterone From the Corpus Luteum

Trophoblasts release this hormone that by passes the hypopituitary axis and makes the Corpus Luteium release estrogen & progesterone

Human Chorinac Gondaotropin HCG

In this stage the blastocyst differentiates into cell types

Embryonic Stage

The process of giving birth is called

Parturition

Which hormone is in control during Implantation

HCG

This direct communication between inside of cells For example: Cardiac muscle cells have them to allow immediate passage of action potential which allows cells to contact in synchronously

Gap Junctions

Uterine muscles start to contract during labor due to these two hormones

Oxytocin & Prostaglandin

Stages of labor

Dilation Expulsion Placental

What is the difference between Ovulation and Menstruation

Ovulation is when a secondary oocyte is released from your ovaries to be fertilized. Menstruation is the bleeding that occurs after ovulation

Oxytocin and this protein _____ which control processes such as inflammation, blood flow, the formation of blood clots and the induction of labour. Induce labor

Prostaglandin

This structure releases female gamates as well as estrogen and progesterone

Ovaries

Ovarian follicles house

Primary oocytes

This cycle happens in the uterus to prepare for a fertilized egg

Menstrual cycle

This cycle is concerned with the maturation of the follicle and egg

Ovarian cycle

This cycle Is the maturation of the follicle and egg This cycle happens in the uterus to prepare for a fertilized egg

Ovarian / Menstrual

After a blastocyst implants itself part of itself into the endometrium a "Damaged Follice" remains in the uterus. What does this "Damaged Follice" morph into?

Corpus Luteum

What is the purpose of the Corpus leutium?

Send Progesterone, Estrogen, & Inhibin to stop the relase of FSH & LH Prepare the uterus for the oocyte

The Corpus leutium produces this hormone

Progesterone

During Ovulation an Ovary releases _____ that heads down the fallopian tube to the uterus

Secondary oocyte

Fertilization Occurs in the...

Fallopian tube

When the oocyte compeltes meiosis II, after sperm has entered, what is formed

Large ovum & second polar body

From morula to a hallow sphere filled with fluid called a

Blastocyst

Blastocyst has a ring a cells surrounding it called a trophoblast, what is its function

Forms placenta

An inner cell mass in a blastocyst forms

An embryo

The ____ implants in the endometrial layer of the uterus with the help of the Corpus leutium

Blastocyst

Oogonia (Germ cell at birth) 2N Turns into a _____ also 2N

Primary oocyte

At the end of meiosis I the primary oocyte is turned into _____ (2 structures)

Secondary oocyte and polar body

Sperm nucleus fuses with egg nucleus is called

Zygote

The release of the ___________ from the ovary is called (a) ovulation. This oocyte is released in response to rapid increase in the secretion of a hormone called ____

Secondary oocyte luteinizing hormone (LH).

an early developmental process in which an embryo transforms from a one-dimensional layer of epithelial cells (blastula) and reorganizes into a multilayered and multidimensional structure called the _____

gastrula

The grastula consists of the endoderm (______), the ectoderm (_____), and the mesoderm (_____).

Inner = endoderm Outer = ectoderm Middle = mesoderm

The blastocyst differs from the _____ in that it is composed of two already differentiated cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophoblast layer

Blastula

blastula, hollow sphere of cells, or blastomeres, produced during the development of an embryo by repeated cleavage of a fertilized egg. The cells of the blastula form an epithelial (covering) layer, called the blastoderm, enclosing a fluid-filled cavity, the _____.

blastocoel

This process of cleavage, or cell division of a zygote, is known as ....

segmentation

A small, fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains one immature egg.

Follicle