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AP > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

The function of this system is to regulate water volume, concentrations, and _______

Also

Influencing your ____________

A

Ph levels

Blood pressure

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2
Q

The urinary system convets amino acids to _______ .

Which in turn gets converted by the liver to _______.

A

Ammonia

Urea

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3
Q

3 layers of the kidney starting with the most superficial

A

Renal Cortex

Renal Medulla

Renal Pelvis

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4
Q

A set of cone-shaped masses of tissue that secrets urine into tiny sac-like tubules

A

Renal Medulla

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5
Q

A funnel-shapped tube surrounded by smooth muscle that uses peristalsis to move urine out of the kidney, into the Ureter, and into the bladder.

A

Renal Pelvis

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6
Q

The kidney is made up of filtering units called

A

Nephrons

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7
Q

Each nephron includes a filter called

A

A glomerulus

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8
Q

The nephrons work through a two-step process: the ______ filters your blood, and the _______ returns needed substances to your blood and removes waste.

A

Glomerulus

Tubule

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9
Q

Micturition

A

Urination

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10
Q

Leukocytes in the urine called pyuria is a sign of

A

Urinary Tract Infection

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11
Q

Glucose in the urine called glycosuria is a sign of

A

Diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

Erythrocytes in the urine called hematuria is a sign of

A

Bleeding in the urinary tract

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13
Q

Protein in the urine called proteinuria / albuminuria is a sign of

A

Working out too much , pregnancy, high blood pressure, heart failure, sever hypertension

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14
Q

From kidneys to _____ to _____ and finally _____ then urine leaves the body.

A

Ureter, Bladder, urethra

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15
Q

3 layers of the bladder

A

Inner mucosa

Detrusor

Outer membrane

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16
Q

The folds when the bladder collapses

A

Rugae

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17
Q

In the Pons there are 2 areas concerned with urination what do they do

Pontine storage area

Pontine micturation center

A

Inhibits urination

Allows for urination

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18
Q

Blood flows into the Nephron from the

A

Affrent arterioles

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19
Q

Where does filtration take place
(General Structure)

A

Glomerulus

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20
Q

From the bowman capsul to where

A

PCT

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21
Q

Where does secretion and reabsorption occur?

A

Peritubular capillaries

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22
Q

What is the difference between bowmans capsule and glomerulus.

A

Bowman’s capsule is a single layer of epithelial cells surrounding the glomerulus

The glomerulus is a cluster of blood capillaries filtering the blood plasma.

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23
Q

Amino acids break down

The anime group gets turned into ammonia which the ____ converts into urea

A

Liver

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24
Q

Kidneys are located in the Retorperitoneal cavity describe this area

A

Behind the Peritoneal cavity

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25
Q

Funnel shapped tube surrounded by smooth muscle that uses peristalsis to move urine out of the kidney, into the Ureter, to the bladder

A

Renal Pelvis

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26
Q

A set of cone shapped masses that secrete urine into tiny sac-like tubules

A

Renal medulla

27
Q

These consist of a renal corpuscle and renal tube

A

Nephron

28
Q

The _____is composed of two structures, the glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule.

A

Renal corpuscle

29
Q

Glomerular filtration

Blood enters _____ and allows fluid, ions, amino acids to pass from the blood to the capsule

They divert RBCs & Proteins to the _____ to reenter the blood stream

A

Glomerulus

Vasa recta

30
Q

From glomerulus to 1 ____, 2____, 3_____ 4_____ 5 ___

A

Bowmans capsule
Proximal convoluted tube
Nephron loop aka Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tube
Collecting duct

31
Q

_________ is the process by which the nephron removes water and solutes from the tubular fluid and returns them to the circulating blood.

A

tubular reabsorption

32
Q

_______ is the process by which the nephron removes water and solutes from the tubular fluid and returns them to the circulating blood.

A

tubular reabsorption

33
Q

Most of tubular reabsorption happens here

A

PCT

34
Q

____ protects the kidney from outside damage. Surronds the renal cortex

A

Renal capsule

35
Q

From inside the kidney outwards

Renal pyramids go to Renal ___

The next structure are these two which share a name

The next structure _____ is a large bulge before the Uteter

A

Papillae

Minor and major calyx

Renal pelvis

36
Q

Between the Renal pyramids are the….

A

Renal columns

37
Q

______ brings blood into the nephron

A

Afferent arteriole

38
Q

What encloses the glomerulus

A

Bowmans capsule

39
Q

This process involves substances in the blood vessels going to into the tubules to be eliminated

$$$ good card $$$

A

Tubular secretion

40
Q

Filtrate in tubules go into blood vessels is this process

$$$ Good card $$$

A

Tubular Reabsorption

41
Q

Dehydration and low sodium levels the body will do this process

Reabsorption/ secretion

A

Reabsorption

42
Q

Too much glucose in the blood will trigger

Tubular secretion or Tubular reabsorption

A

Tubular secretion

43
Q

The Efferent arterioles surrond the Tubules in a system called _____ which allow the transfer of molecules between the two systems

A

Peritubular Capillary Network

44
Q

The _____ Artery goes into the glomerulus the ____ Artery leaves

A

Affrent/ Efferent

45
Q

Which part of the tubules is in the renal medulla. The rest are located in the cortex

A

Loop of Henley

46
Q

Where does filtration take place
Renal Cortex or Renal Medulla

A

Renal Cortex

47
Q

Renal Artery & Renal Vein both go through this structure in the kidney

A

Renal Column

48
Q

Which of the following is not a function carried out by the kidneys

Excretion of waste products out of the body

Fluid electrolyte balance

Acid + Base balance

Circulating blood throughout the body

A

Circulating blood throughout the body

49
Q

Which of the following is the protective layer covering the exterior of the kidney

Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Renal Capsule
Renal Pelvis

A

Renal Capsule

50
Q

Collecting ducts - Renal Papillae - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis -Ureter

Describes what

A

Urine leaving the body

51
Q

What is the name of the arteriole delivering unfiltered blood to the glomerulus

Renal arteriole
Affrent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Glomerular arteriole

A

Afferent arteriole

52
Q

Which major blood vessel carries blood to the kidney to be filtered

A

Renal Artery

53
Q

The indentation where blood vessels enter and exit the kidney is called

Renal hilum
Renal Cortex
Renal Pelvis
Renal pyramids

A

Renal hilum

54
Q

In which layer of the kidney does filtration take place

Renal Medulla
Renal Capsule
Renal Cortex
Renal Pelvis

A

Renal Cortex

55
Q

The cup like structures that collects urine exiting renal papilla are called the _____ & _____

Minor and Major Calyx
Renal Cortex and renal medulla
Major pyramids and minor pyramids
Renal Pelvis and ureter

A

Minor and major Calyx

56
Q

What is the functional unti of the kidney

A

Nephron

57
Q

What are not filtered through the glomerulus, instead they exit the glomerulus via the Efferent arteriole

A

Erythrocytes/ Leukocytes & Proteins

58
Q

What are the steps to urine formation (3)

A

Glomerulus filtration, Tubular Reabsorption, Tublar Secretion

59
Q

The peritublar capillaries are a network of capillaries surrounding the renal tubules, their function is to

Absorb blood back into the body

Absorb needed nutrients and secret excess water

Absorb waste product from the kidneys

Reabsorb material that the body needs and secret waste that the body doesn’t need

A

Reabsorb material that the body needs and secret waste that the body doesn’t need

60
Q

Select all that apply

Which of the following are true regarding the urinary system

The renal system excretes unwanted substances such as metabolic waste, excess ions, and toxins by creating urine.

The renal system maintains blood volume and blood pressure by alternating the amount of water excreted via urine

When the kidneys need oxygen they produce Erythropoietin in order to stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow

A

All of the above

61
Q

Select all that apply

Which are true regarding the renal system

The renal system maintains the blood PH at a normal level between 7.35 and 7.45

The renal system maintains PH by keeping a normal ratio of hydrogen ions to bicarbonate ions

The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, the lower the PH

A

All of the above

62
Q

Select all that apply

Which are true regarding the renal system

Uric acid and creatine are both waste products excreted in urine

The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldostrone system (RAAS) is a mechanism that works to increase blood pressure when low blood pressure is detected in the afferent arteriole

The renal Artery supplies unfiltered blood to the kidney while the renal vein takes filtered blood out of the kidney

A

All of the above

63
Q

Where in the nephron does Reabsorption and secretion take place?

A

Renal tubules
PCT, loop of Henley, DCT, Collecting duct

64
Q

A paitent is admitted with high glucose in their urine. Which process as a result of Negative Feedback will attempt to correct this.

A

Tubular secretion

To be urinated out

AP (37 decks)

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