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AP > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Thousands of parallel _____ join together to form a muscle cell

A

Myofibril

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2
Q

Muscle cells are also known as

A

Muscle fibers

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3
Q

The cellular membrane of a muscle cells is known as

A

Sarcolemma

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4
Q

Muscle fibers join together to form

A

Fascicles

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5
Q

The muscle organ is formed from what smaller subunit?

A

Fasicles

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6
Q

Sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding the muscle?

Sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers?

Delicate network of connective tissue which surronds individual muscle fibers.

A

Epimysium

Perimysium

Endomysium

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7
Q

Myofibrils are divided lengthwise into

A

Sarcomeres

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8
Q

2 types of myofilament in a sarcomere

A

Actin & myosin

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9
Q

Which myofilament is thin

Which is thick

A

Actin is thin

Myosin is thick

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10
Q

Z - lines do what

A

Seperate sarcomere

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11
Q

This model describes:

During contraction the 2 ends of a sarcomere come closer and the thin filaments slide past the thick ones so actin and myosin overlap more

A

Sliding filament model

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12
Q

Muscles cells endoplasmic reticlum is called

A

Sarcoplasmic reticlum

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13
Q

Myosin uses _____ to crawl along actin to produce_____

A

ATP

Mechanical energy

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14
Q

How many strands is myosin

What kinda enzyme is myosin

A

2

ATPase

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15
Q

ATP binds to which myosin or actin

A

Myosin

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16
Q

A motor unit is comprised of

A

Lower motor neuron

Neuromuscular Junction

Skeletal muscle cell

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17
Q

Fasciculations

A

Twitches

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18
Q

What is the tone of a muscle?

What is hypotonia

A

Tone is how much the muscle is contracted when one tries to relax it

Decreased tone in a muscle

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19
Q

When a muscle contracts the bone that moves is called the _________

The bone that doesn’t move is called

A

Insertion point

Origin

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20
Q

4 functional groups of Skeletal Muscles

A

Prime Movers

Antagonist

Synergists

Fixators

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21
Q

Muscles mainly responsible for a movement are called

A

Prime mover

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22
Q

Muscles that move in reverse of a particular movement

A

Antagonist

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23
Q

Help prime mover muscles by lending a little extra oomph stabilizing joints against dislocation

A

Synergists

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24
Q

Group of muscle fibers that all get their signals from the same, single motor neuron

A

Motor unit

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25
Q

3 phases of a muscle twitch

A

Latent period

Period of contraction

Relaxation Period

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26
Q

Stimulus arrived but no force produced

A

Latent period

27
Q

Myosin heads are binding and pulling during this phase of a twitch

A

Contraction

28
Q

Myosin and actin stop the binding cycle during this period

A

Relaxation Period

29
Q

One muscle can produce a variety of smooth forces called

A

Graded muscle responses

30
Q

Muscles increase their force by increasing the ________ with which their neurons are firing

A

Frequency

31
Q

Twitches add up to one another as they get closer in time

A

Temporal summation

32
Q

A state of sustained contraction in a muscle with out relaxation

A

Tetanus

33
Q

Occurs when the membrane potential of a specific cell location rapidly rises and falls. This depolarization then causes adjacent locations to similarly depolarize

A

Action potential

34
Q

Isotonic vs isometric

A

Isotonic: Change in length of muscle

Isometric: No change in length of the muscle

Isotonic = Curls, pull ups, squats

Isometric = Plank & Wall sits

35
Q

The _____ encases individual skeletal muscle fibers

A

Endomysium

36
Q

Each muscle is made up of groups of muscle fibers called ______ surrounded by a connective tissue layer called ________

A

Fascicles

Perimysium

37
Q

Bundles of skeletal muscle fibers are called

A

Fasciculli

38
Q

connective tissue band, called the ________, surrounds several fascicles. A _______ surrounds an individual fascicle.

A

Epimysium

perimysium

39
Q

______ connect muscles to bones

A

Tendons

40
Q

The cell membrane that surronds muscle fiber is called a ….

A

Sarcolemma

41
Q

What is the name of the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle

A

Sarcoplasm

42
Q

One muscle fiber is filled with several long cylindrical proteins called

A

Myofibrils

43
Q

The smallest contractile unit in a myofibril is a ….

A

Sarcomere

44
Q

Several protein _______ make up a myofibril.

A

Myofilaments

45
Q

Sliding Filament Theory:

Actin Filaments slide past _____ filaments. Pulling the Actin Filaments closer to the center of the sarcomere or ___ line

A

Myosin

M Line

46
Q

The heads of myosin and actin forming attachments is known as ….

A

Crossbridges

47
Q

Muscles work in pairs to move bones at joints. The muscle that causes the joint to bend is called a ______ muscle and the muscle that contracts and causes the muscle to straighten is called an ______ muscle

A

Flexor

Extension

48
Q

Which type of muscle has many nucleuses

A

Skeletal

49
Q

Which type of muscle has intercalated disc

A

Cardiac

50
Q

Why does skeletal muscle have multiple nucli?

A

Its composed of myoblast during early embryonic development. Each containing their own nucleus

51
Q

Why is smooth muscle “smooth”

A

Because Actin and Myosin filaments are not regularly posistioned throughout.

52
Q

Contractile unit of the muscle

A

Sarcomere

53
Q

What is the middle of the sarcomere called

A

M line

54
Q

_____ has a long, fibrous tail and a globular head, which binds to ____

A

Myosin / Actin

55
Q

Myosin can only bind to actin binding sites are exposed by _______

A

Calcium ions

56
Q

Actin is bound to the __ line, which forms the border of the sarcomere

A

Z line

57
Q

A _______ is a repeating part within the myofibril of skeletal muscles

A

Sarcomere

58
Q

The sarcomere is split into these zones

  1. ______ consist of myosin only
  2. _______ consist of actin only
  3. ______ contains both actin and myosin
  4. ______ Hold together the thick myosin filaments
  5. _______ differentiates between each sarcomere.
A
  1. H-zone
  2. I-band
  3. A-band
  4. M-line
  5. Z-line
59
Q

During contraction of skeletal muscles the ______ stay the same length, but the ______ , ____ ,and _____ decrease in length

A

A-band

H-zone, I-band, Z-line

60
Q

_____ is a temporary shift (from negative to positive) in the neuron’s membrane potential caused by ions suddenly flowing in and out of the neuron

A

Action potential

61
Q

The _____ filaments slide past the myosin filaments toward the middle of the sarcomere.

The result is shortening of the sarcomere without any change in filament length.

True or False

A

Actin

True

62
Q

Myofilaments ( ____ & ____) make up

Myofibrils which make up

_______ aka Muscle Cells which group together to make up

_______ which combine to make up

Muscle Organ “biceps brachi”

A

Actin & Myosin

Muscle Fibers

Fascicles

63
Q

The _________ is a delicate network of connective tissue, which surrounds individual muscle fibres

______ surrounds an individual fascicle.

_______ is the dense connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle tissue.

A

Endomysium

perimysium

epimysium

64
Q

The sarcolemma or cell membrane is the site where _____ enters and leaves the cell through a distribution of ion channels, transporters, and pumps.

A

Calcium

AP (37 decks)

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