Muscles

Question 1

Thousands of parallel _____ join together to form a muscle cell

Answer 1

Myofibril

Question 2

Muscle cells are also known as

Answer 2

Muscle fibers

Question 3

The cellular membrane of a muscle cells is known as

Answer 3

Sarcolemma

Question 4

Muscle fibers join together to form

Answer 4

Fascicles

Question 5

The muscle organ is formed from what smaller subunit?

Answer 5

Fasicles

Question 6

Sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding the muscle?

Sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers?

Delicate network of connective tissue which surronds individual muscle fibers.

Answer 6

Epimysium

Perimysium

Endomysium

Question 7

Myofibrils are divided lengthwise into

Answer 7

Sarcomeres

Question 8

2 types of myofilament in a sarcomere

Answer 8

Actin & myosin

Question 9

Which myofilament is thin

Which is thick

Answer 9

Actin is thin

Myosin is thick

Question 10

Z - lines do what

Answer 10

Seperate sarcomere

Question 11

This model describes:

During contraction the 2 ends of a sarcomere come closer and the thin filaments slide past the thick ones so actin and myosin overlap more

Answer 11

Sliding filament model

Question 12

Muscles cells endoplasmic reticlum is called

Answer 12

Sarcoplasmic reticlum

Question 13

Myosin uses _____ to crawl along actin to produce_____

Answer 13

ATP

Mechanical energy

Question 14

How many strands is myosin

What kinda enzyme is myosin

Answer 14

2

ATPase

Question 15

ATP binds to which myosin or actin

Answer 15

Myosin

Question 16

A motor unit is comprised of

Answer 16

Lower motor neuron

Neuromuscular Junction

Skeletal muscle cell

Question 17

Fasciculations

Answer 17

Twitches

Question 18

What is the tone of a muscle?

What is hypotonia

Answer 18

Tone is how much the muscle is contracted when one tries to relax it

Decreased tone in a muscle

Question 19

When a muscle contracts the bone that moves is called the _________

The bone that doesn’t move is called

Answer 19

Insertion point

Origin

Question 20

4 functional groups of Skeletal Muscles

Answer 20

Prime Movers

Antagonist

Synergists

Fixators

Question 21

Muscles mainly responsible for a movement are called

Answer 21

Prime mover

Question 22

Muscles that move in reverse of a particular movement

Answer 22

Antagonist

Question 23

Help prime mover muscles by lending a little extra oomph stabilizing joints against dislocation

Answer 23

Synergists

Question 24

Group of muscle fibers that all get their signals from the same, single motor neuron

Answer 24

Motor unit

Question 25

3 phases of a muscle twitch

Answer 25

Latent period Period of contraction Relaxation Period

Question 26

Stimulus arrived but no force produced

Answer 26

Latent period

Question 27

Myosin heads are binding and pulling during this phase of a twitch

Answer 27

Contraction

Question 28

Myosin and actin stop the binding cycle during this period

Answer 28

Relaxation Period

Question 29

One muscle can produce a variety of smooth forces called

Answer 29

Graded muscle responses

Question 30

Muscles increase their force by increasing the ________ with which their neurons are firing

Answer 30

Frequency

Question 31

Twitches add up to one another as they get closer in time

Answer 31

Temporal summation

Question 32

A state of sustained contraction in a muscle with out relaxation

Answer 32

Tetanus

Question 33

Occurs when the membrane potential of a specific cell location rapidly rises and falls. This depolarization then causes adjacent locations to similarly depolarize

Answer 33

Action potential

Question 34

Isotonic vs isometric

Answer 34

Isotonic: Change in length of muscle Isometric: No change in length of the muscle Isotonic = Curls, pull ups, squats Isometric = Plank & Wall sits

Question 35

The _____ encases individual skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 35

Endomysium

Question 36

Each muscle is made up of groups of muscle fibers called ______ surrounded by a connective tissue layer called ________

Answer 36

Fascicles Perimysium

Question 37

Bundles of skeletal muscle fibers are called

Answer 37

Fasciculli

Question 38

connective tissue band, called the ________, surrounds several fascicles. A _______ surrounds an individual fascicle.

Answer 38

Epimysium perimysium

Question 39

______ connect muscles to bones

Answer 39

Tendons

Question 40

The cell membrane that surronds muscle fiber is called a ....

Answer 40

Sarcolemma

Question 41

What is the name of the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle

Answer 41

Sarcoplasm

Question 42

One muscle fiber is filled with several long cylindrical proteins called

Answer 42

Myofibrils

Question 43

The smallest contractile unit in a myofibril is a ....

Answer 43

Sarcomere

Question 44

Several protein _______ make up a myofibril.

Answer 44

Myofilaments

Question 45

Sliding Filament Theory: Actin Filaments slide past _____ filaments. Pulling the Actin Filaments closer to the center of the sarcomere or ___ line

Answer 45

Myosin M Line

Question 46

The heads of myosin and actin forming attachments is known as ....

Answer 46

Crossbridges

Question 47

Muscles work in pairs to move bones at joints. The muscle that causes the joint to bend is called a ______ muscle and the muscle that contracts and causes the muscle to straighten is called an ______ muscle

Answer 47

Flexor Extension

Question 48

Which type of muscle has many nucleuses

Answer 48

Skeletal

Question 49

Which type of muscle has intercalated disc

Answer 49

Cardiac

Question 50

Why does skeletal muscle have multiple nucli?

Answer 50

Its composed of myoblast during early embryonic development. Each containing their own nucleus

Question 51

Why is smooth muscle "smooth"

Answer 51

Because Actin and Myosin filaments are not regularly posistioned throughout.

Question 52

Contractile unit of the muscle

Answer 52

Sarcomere

Question 53

What is the middle of the sarcomere called

Answer 53

M line

Question 54

_____ has a long, fibrous tail and a globular head, which binds to ____

Answer 54

Myosin / Actin

Question 55

Myosin can only bind to actin binding sites are exposed by _______

Answer 55

Calcium ions

Question 56

Actin is bound to the __ line, which forms the border of the sarcomere

Answer 56

Z line

Question 57

A _______ is a repeating part within the myofibril of skeletal muscles

Answer 57

Sarcomere

Question 58

The sarcomere is split into these zones 1. ______ consist of myosin only 2. _______ consist of actin only 3. ______ contains both actin and myosin 4. ______ Hold together the thick myosin filaments 5. _______ differentiates between each sarcomere.

Answer 58

1. H-zone 2. I-band 3. A-band 4. M-line 5. Z-line

Question 59

During contraction of skeletal muscles the ______ stay the same length, but the ______ , ____ ,and _____ decrease in length

Answer 59

A-band H-zone, I-band, Z-line

Question 60

_____ is a temporary shift (from negative to positive) in the neuron's membrane potential caused by ions suddenly flowing in and out of the neuron

Answer 60

Action potential

Question 61

The _____ filaments slide past the myosin filaments toward the middle of the sarcomere. The result is shortening of the sarcomere without any change in filament length. True or False

Answer 61

Actin True

Question 62

Myofilaments ( ____ & ____) make up Myofibrils which make up _______ aka Muscle Cells which group together to make up _______ which combine to make up Muscle Organ "biceps brachi"

Answer 62

Actin & Myosin Muscle Fibers Fascicles

Question 63

The _________ is a delicate network of connective tissue, which surrounds individual muscle fibres ______ surrounds an individual fascicle. _______ is the dense connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle tissue.

Answer 63

Endomysium perimysium epimysium

Question 64

The sarcolemma or cell membrane is the site where _____ enters and leaves the cell through a distribution of ion channels, transporters, and pumps.

Answer 64

Calcium