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Histology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Autogeny follows…

A

Filogeny

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2
Q

Name for mature kidney in humans

A

Metanephric Kidney

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3
Q

Name of where Renal Artery and Veins enter in kidney

A

Renal Pelvis which is divided into Renal Pyramids

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4
Q

Job of Renal Nephron

A

Filtration of the blood and Reapsorption of water and other small filtrates

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5
Q

Nephron Histology: Renal Corpuscle consists of

A

Glomerulus (filtration apparatus) and capsule filters food

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6
Q

Nephron Histology: Promixal Tube

A

Convulated tubule and a straight short duct

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7
Q

Nephron Histology: Loope of Henle

A

Thick descending, thin descending, thin ascending, and thick ascending duct

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8
Q

Nephron Histology: Distal Tubule

A

Thick Ascending duct and thick convoluted tubule

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9
Q

Renal Nephron Order of flow

A

KNOW FLOW

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10
Q

Renal Corpsucle

A

Glomerulus and Capsule

Capsule is walnut-Like
-Parietal layer is outside
Inside:
-Visceral layer consisting of highly branched arterioles and capillaries surrounded by cells that facilitate the filtration of the blood from those blood vessels into urinary space which is then collected by proximal convoluted tubule

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11
Q

Macula Densa

A

Highly compacted cells of distal convoluted tubule that occur immediately adjacent to the arteriole that enters the renal corpuscle

-These cells can secerete renin which increase blood flow of arterioles into renal corpuscles

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12
Q

Capillaries of Glomeriolus are covered by…

A

Podocyte processes. Podocyte Cell body gives off cytoplasm branches that further branch forming filtration slits where filtrate passes

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13
Q

What Blood vessel enters and exits the glomeruolus

A

Afferent Arteriole-Enters

Efferent Arteriole- Exits

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14
Q

Macula Densa is a component of…

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

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15
Q

Macula Densa are sensitive to concentration of…

A

Sodium Chloride in the distal convoluted tubule- a DECREASE in sodium chloride causes a signal from the maculae densa to INCREASE blood flow in the AFFERENT arteriol which increases glomerular filtration rate and increases renin release from the juxtaglumerular cells of the affarent and efferent arterioles which increases systemic BP

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16
Q

Blood exits capillary and squeezes thru into urinary space by…

A

by foot proccesses (pedicles) of podocyte

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17
Q

Mesangial Cells

A

Remove excess materials that may be clogging up basement membrane due to all the filtration

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18
Q

How to distinguish proximal and distal convoluted tubules

A

A proximal Convoluted Tubule will have a prominant brush border (microvili)

Distal Tuble is barely seen

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19
Q

Filtration Membrane- how does it occur?

A

Fluid passes from the Capillary Lumen Through fenestrations across a thick basement membrane and through thin split Diaphragms between adjacent pedicles of podocytes and into Bowman’s Space

20
Q

Do fenestrated capillaries of kidney have a diaphragm?

A

NO- which is rare

21
Q

Tubular Fluid ORDER & IDENTIFY THEM ALL

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Descending thick

Descending Thin

Ascending Thin

Ascending Thick

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Connecting Tubule

Collecting Duct

22
Q

Where is Renin released from

A

Juxtaglomerular Cells of the affarent and efferent arterioles

23
Q

What part of the tubular sequence absorbs the most amount of water

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

24
Q

What does thin ascending tubule absorb

A

Reabsorbs NaCl but is impermeable to water

25
Q

Thick Ascending limb is always impermeable to…

A

Water

26
Q

Distal Convoluted Tubules ad collecting ducts are promoted to absorb ___ by ___

A

Na+ and water reabsoprtion promoted by Aldosterone

27
Q

Water reabsorption occurs on which limb?

A

DESCENDING LIMB!

NO WATER IS REABSORBED ON ASCENDING LIMB

28
Q

Vasa Recta

A

Vasculature associated with the Loop of Henle- important for reabsorbing most of the water and some of the ions being reabsorped by loop of henle

29
Q

Peritubular Capillaries

A

Vasculature associated with convoluted Tubules

30
Q

Kidney Cortex contains..

A

Corpuscles

31
Q

Kidney Medulla contains…

A

Tubules only

32
Q

Unique characteristic of Cortex of kindey

A

Glomeriolous (renal corpuscles)

33
Q

3 regions of medulla- IDENTIFY

A

Outer Strip: Descending THICK and ascending THICK, with collecting duct

Inner Strip: Ascending THICK, THIN segment, with collecting duct

Innerzone: All THIN tubules, with collecting duct

34
Q

Descending thick tubule and proximal convoluted tubule both have this characteristic…

A

Brush Border- since the descending thick is continuation of proximal convoluted

35
Q

Thick and thin refers to..

A

the lining epithelium of nephron in tubules

36
Q

Unique Characteristic to collecting Ducts

A

Prominant innercellular borders and a poor amount of mitochondria

37
Q

ALOT of Well developed mitochondria are found in…

A

Proximal convoluted tubule and ascending thick convoluted tubule

38
Q

COllecting ducts reabsorb water in response to…

A

Vasopressin A.K.A. ADH

39
Q

Ureter is lined by

A

Transitional Epithelium

40
Q

Cell types within Ureter

A

Muscularis, Mucosa, and Adventitia, lamina propria

41
Q

Unique characteristics of Ureter Cells

A

Bi- nucleated cells

42
Q

Bladder Lined by..

A

continuation of ureter- Transitional Epithelium

if empty- folds
if full- plumps up

43
Q

Bladder Cell components

A

Layers include mucosa with urothelium, lamina propria, 3 layers of muscle- inner, middle, outer, and adventitia

44
Q

Bowman Space

A

collects primitive filtrate

45
Q

Histology slides: Differentiate Descending and Ascending Thick

A

Descending Thick: Has ALot of “stuff in lumen”

Ascending Thick: Looks Empty

46
Q

Papilla

A

Where urine is secreted/ leaks

Histology (23 decks)

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