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Histology > Oral Structures > Flashcards

Oral Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Oral Cavity

A
  • Gateway to digestive system
  • Speech

Secondary Functions:
Respiration, Defense

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2
Q

Spaces

A
  • Vestibule
  • Oral Cavity Proper
  • Pharynx
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3
Q

Characteristics of External Surface

A
  1. Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium (skin)

2. Hair and Sweat Glads

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4
Q

Characteristics of Vermillion Zone (red area of lips)

A
  1. Transition between keratinized and non-keratinized
  2. Abundant dermal capillaries (red)
  3. No hair or sweat glands
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5
Q

Characteristics of Internal Surface

A
  1. Typical oral mucosa

2. Mucosa tethered to underlying muscle at intervals in many folds

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6
Q

Number of permanent Teeth

A

32 permanent teeth and 8 within each dental quadrant

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7
Q

Incisors

A

8 teeth for cutting, single root

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8
Q

Canine

A

4 teeth for grasping, single root

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9
Q

Premolars

A

8 for grinding, two roots

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10
Q

Molars

A

12 for grinding, 2/3 roots

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11
Q

Permanent teeth are preceded by…

A

20 deciduous (baby) teeth– No deciduous precursors for the molars

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12
Q

2 Main Regions of Tooth Structure

A

A. Crown (exposed)
B. Root (in socket)
(both meet at neck)

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13
Q

What is Enamel

A

99% calcium crystals

-Hardest substance in body

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14
Q

What is Dentin

A

Bulk of the tooth (bone-like but harder than bone, with collagen and mineral)
-Pulp cavity with vessels and nerves

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15
Q

What is the Root Canal

A

The part of the pulp in the root

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16
Q

Define Cementum

A

Bone layer of tooth root

-Attaches tooth to periodontal ligament

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17
Q

What is Periodontal Ligament?

A
  • Anchors tooth in boney socket of the jaw

- Continuous with gingiva (gums)

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18
Q

Plaque

A

Film of sugar, bacteria and debris

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19
Q

Structure of the Tooth

A

(PIC)
Crown is covered by enamel and root is covered by cementum which meet at the neck. The Peridontal Ligament binds the cementum to spongy bone. Odontoblasts give rise to dentin which surrounds the pulp cavity contianing blood vessels and nerves which exit via the root canal

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20
Q

What is Enamel

A

The hardest component of the human body and the richest in calcium (95% calcium salts called Hydroxyapatite)

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21
Q

What does Ameloblast produce?

A

Enamel

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22
Q

Enamel Rods

A

Hydroxyapatite crystals form long, tightly packed enamel rods that extend the full thickness of the enamel

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23
Q

Can the Enamel part of the tooth repair itself?

A

No, Ameloblasts degenerate during tooth eruption

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24
Q

What is Hydroxypatite

A

95% calcium salts

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25
Q

Dentin

A

A hard but resilient calcified tissue (70% dry weight)

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26
Q

What is Outer Surface covered by?

A

Enamel (crown) and Cementum (root)

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27
Q

What is Organic Matrix (predentin) produced by?

A

Ondontoblasts

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28
Q

Organic Matrix (predentin) contains…

A

Type I Collagen and is mineralized by hydroxypatite crystals (mature dentin)

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29
Q

What are Ondontoblasts

A

Long lived cells which lie exclusively on the internal surface of the dentin

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30
Q

Ondontoblasts have…

A

Ondontoblast process which extend into small canals (dentinal tubules)

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31
Q

Dental Pulp

A

Gelatinous connective tissue which fills pulp cavity including the root canal

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32
Q

Is Dental Pulp highly vascularized and innervated?

A

Yes

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33
Q

Are Afferent Nerve Fibers in Dental Pulp pain SENSITIVE?

A

Yes ALL of them are- some extend into dentinal tubules

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34
Q

Access to root canal from Dental Pulp is via…

A

Apical Foramen

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35
Q

What happens as more dentin is laid down?

A

The pulp cavity diminishes in size

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36
Q

Cementum

A

Bone-like Calcified matrix that covers the Dentin of the root- is produced by cementocytes

  • Provide anchor sites for collagen bundles (Sharpey’s Fibers) from Periodontal ligaments labile tissue sensitive to stress pressures
  • Attaches tooth to PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
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37
Q

Periodontal Ligament

A

Dense connective tissue which sends fibers into cementum which secures tooth to bony socket
-Acts as a “shock absorber” and allows limited movement of tooth in socket

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38
Q

What is Aveolar processes?

A

Aveolar bone of maxillary/mandible bones which form sockets for dental roots

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39
Q

Gingiva (gums)

A

Oral epithelium firmly bound to the periosteum of the alveolar process

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40
Q

Gingival Sulcus

A

Space between the free gingival and crown. The gingival sulcus is lined by non-keratinized epithelium

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41
Q

Key steps in teeth development

A
  • Tooth formation begins at 6-7 weeks of gestation
  • Crown formation begins before root formation
  • Root formation occurs after the crown is mostly completed and is accompanied by tooth eruption
42
Q

Different Stages in Tooth development

A

Bud, Cap ( early and later), and Bell

43
Q

Enamel Organ During Development of Teeth

A

(ectoderm)- Cellular down-growth of oral epithelium which forms enamel-related structures

44
Q

Dental Papilla During Development of Teeth

A

(mesoderm) forms dentin related structures and pulp

45
Q

Mesenchyme During Development of Teeth

A

(dental sac) forms cementoblasts and periodontal ligament

46
Q

Hard Palate

A
  1. Bony Anterior (2/3) pf palate which seperates nasal cavity from oral cavity
  2. Oral Mucosa (keratinized) is tightly bound to periosteum of bone
  3. Numerous minor salivary glands (mucus Secerting)
47
Q

Soft Palate

A
  1. Soft Posterior (1/3) of palate which seperates nasopharnx from oropharnyx
  2. Uvula-small conical termination
  3. Large number of taste buds
48
Q

What is the Tongue

A

A mass of interlacing skeletal muscle covered by a mucous membrane with specialized areas- articulation, mastication, taste, swallowing (deglutition), suckling.

49
Q

What kind of tissue is found on the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A

Thick keratinized epithelium with special projections- the ventral surface is smooth, thin, and permeable

50
Q

Oral portion (anterior 2/3) has…

A

lingual papilae on dorsal surface; ventral surface is smooth

51
Q

Pharyngeal portion (posterior (1/3) has…

A

Surface lingual tonsils (cobblestone appearance)

52
Q

Sulcus terminalis

A

V-shaped shallow groove seperating palatine and pharyngeal portions

53
Q

Ventral Surface

A

Smooth, Permeable

54
Q

Lingual Papilae

A

The dorsal surface of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue has special elevations or projections called Papillae

55
Q

Filiform

A

most numerous, conical shaped, keratinzed, DO NOT HAVE TSTE BUDS

56
Q

Fungiform

A

Mushroom shaped, interspersed among the filiform papillae (especially near the top of the tongue); CONTAIN A FEW TASTE BUDS on upper surface

57
Q

Circumvallate

A

large circular structures (10-12) each with a surrounding “moat” located just in front of the sulcus terminalis

58
Q

Glands of Von Ebner

A

Below papillae, deliver serous secretions onto moat (cleansing function)

59
Q

Taste Buds (largest concentration) in…

A

intraepithelial structures within the moat’s case/wall

60
Q

Papillae

A

Cover the anterior portion of the tongue

61
Q

Filiform Papillae

A

most numerous but lack taste buds

62
Q

Fungiform Papillae

A

Less numerous and contain scattered taste buds

63
Q

Ciricumvallate Papillae

A

Least Numerous, largest and form V-shaped line just in front of the sulcus terminalis; Contain over half the taste buds

64
Q

Taste Buds occur within…

A

Occur within the stratified squamous eputhelium of the tongue

65
Q

Taste Bud Cells

A

half the cells are elongated GUSTATORY cells lined by microvilli- projecting through an opening called the TASTE PORE. The remaining supportive cells and basal stem cells are present

66
Q

4 basic flavor

A

Sweet, Sour, Salt, Bitter

67
Q

Intraepithelial Ellipsoid Structures composed of…

A

50 spindle shaped cells - Sensory cells have a high turnover (life span=10 days)

68
Q

Apical portions of sensory cells from a…

A

Taste Pore (communicates with the oral cavity)

69
Q

Taste pores have tight junctions with…

A

microvilli which project into the pore and are exposed to the micro environment (serve as taste receptors)

70
Q

Sensory Cells have…

A

synaptic vesicles and synapse with gustatory nerve fibers

71
Q

Number of taste buds increase/decrease with age

72
Q

Lingual Tonsils are sub-epithelial aggregates of lymphoid nodules in…

A

Pharyngeal portion of the tongue

73
Q

Lingual Tonsils- deep epithelial pits form…

A

crypts (1 per tonsil)

74
Q

Lingual Tonsils- minor salivary glands secrete…

A

into crypts (unlike other tonsils)

75
Q

Composition of Saliva

A
  1. Water 95%
  2. Proteins- Enzymes, mucus, IgA, lysosome, lactoferrin
  3. Electrolytes- K+, Ca2+, HCO3
76
Q

Functions of Saliva

77
Q

Types of Salivary Gland

A

Major Salivary Gland and Minor Salivary Gland

78
Q

Major Salivary Gland

A

(parotid, submandibular, sublingual)- grossly indentifiable, encapsulated, secrete on demand

79
Q

Minor Salivary Gland

A

Submucosa of Oral Epithelium; small, not encapsulated, short ducts, continuous secretion, in various locations

80
Q

Major Salivary Glands Cell Types

A

Serous Cells
Mucous Cells
Myoepithelial Cells
Plasma Cell

81
Q

Major Salivary Glands Cell Types- Serous Cells

A

Abundant zymogen granules; secretion rich in water, electrolytes, amylase (oral starch digestion), IgA, and lactoferrin

82
Q

Major Salivary Glands Cell Types- Mucous Cells

A

Secretion contains mucin (lubrication)

83
Q

Major Salivary Glands Cell Types- Myoepithelial Cells

A

Facilitate movement of saliva

84
Q

Major Salivary Glands Cell Types- Plasma Cells

A

secrete IgA

85
Q

Secretion is a 2 stage process…

A

a. Primary Secretion by acini (facillicated by myoepithlial cells)
b. striated ducts special intratubular ducts lines by columnar cells with basal foldings and mitochondria; modify the primary secretion through an active electrolyte transport process

86
Q

Secretion Control

A

Salivary secretion is mainly under autonomic nervous control- both sympathetic and parasympathetic

87
Q

Secretory Control- ParaSympathetic Stimulation

A

Copious watery secretions

88
Q

Secretory Control- Sympathetic Stimulation

A

Thick viscoid secretion (dry mouth)

89
Q

Parotid Glands

A
  • Produce 25% of saliva
  • Largest Salivary glands
  • Serous type (compound aveolar)
  • Secrete water, electrolytes, amylase
  • contain many IgA secreting plasma cells
  • Parotid duct opens on inner surface of cheek across from upper second molars (Stensons Duct)
90
Q

What are Stensons Duct

A

Where Parotid duct opens on inner surface of cheek across from upper second molars

91
Q

Submandibular Glands

A
  • Produce 70% of Saliva
  • Lie along body of mandible
  • MIXED TYPE: Serous predominates with Serous Demilunes (compound tubuloalveolar)-fairly rich in MUCIN
92
Q

What are Wharton’s Duct

A

Submandibular ducts open on the floor of the mouth

93
Q

Sublingual Glands

A
  • Produce 5% of saliva
  • Smallest; located in the floor of mouth
  • MIXED TYPE: Mucous predominates with serous demilunes (compound tubuloalveolar) secretion also rich in mucin
94
Q

What is Bartholin’s Duct?

A

Have multiple ducts that open posteriorly to the submandibular ducts

95
Q

Comparison of salivary glands

96
Q

Oropharynx

A
  1. conducts food from oral cavity to esophagus

2. Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinzed)

97
Q

Nasopharynx

A
  1. Conducts air from the nasal cavities to the larynx and trachea
  2. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory)
98
Q

Characteristics of the outside of the lip

A

Characterized by fully keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with hair follicles and sebaceous glands embedded in the dermis.

99
Q

Characteristics of the inside of the lip

A

Lined by a non-keratinized stratified epithelium supported by a lamina propria

100
Q

Characteristics of the Tongue

A

Primarily a muscular organ covered by mucous membrane with stratified squamous epithelium.

-Parts of the tongue are modified to conform to its function as an organ of mastication of taste.

101
Q

Which sections of the mouth are highly permeable to certain substances?

A
  • The floor of the mouth (sublingual area)

- Ventral surfaces of tongue

Histology (23 decks)

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