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Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular System

A
  • Circulatory System
  • Capillaries
  • Structure of large vessels
  • Structure of Arteries
  • Structure of Veins
  • The heart
  • Lymphatic
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2
Q

Vascular Systems

A
  • Circulatory System
  • Lymphoid System
  • *Oxygen content of arteries and veins is REVERSED in systemic and pulmonary systems.

(PIC)

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3
Q

Capillaries

A

Capillaries and postcapillary venules are the exchange vessels for the tissues

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4
Q

Structure of Capillaries

A
  • Endothelial Cells
  • Basal Lamina
  • Pericytes (help maintain viability of endothelial cells)
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5
Q

Types of Capillaries: Continous Capillary Found in

A

Muscle, Skin, lung, brain

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6
Q

Types of Capillaries: Fenestrated Capillary Found in

A

Intestines, Endocrine, kidneys (fenestrated sinusoids with wider diameter)

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7
Q

Types of Capillaries: Sinusoidal (discontinuous) Capillary Found in

A

Liver, Spleen, Bone Marrow, Endocrine

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8
Q

Capillary Exchange Mechanisms

A
  • Open pores/gap
  • diffusion
  • filtration
  • Vesicular transport (Transcytosis)
  • Transendothelial Channels
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9
Q

Vascular Transport

A

-System of pinocytotic pits and vesicles which move large molecules across the endothelium

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10
Q

Transendothelial Channels

A

Vesicles are so numerous sometimes that they form a channel in which fuild/larger molecules transport more rapidly

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11
Q

Secretory and Metabolic Functions of Endothelial Cells

A
  • Adhesion molecules (diapedesis-process when eosinophils can squeeze)
  • Produce vasoactive compounds Anti-thrombogenic factors
  • Metabolic conversions (angiotensin I to II)-vasoconstriction
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12
Q

Structure of Arteries and Veins

A

Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Adventitia

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13
Q

Tunica Intima

A

Endothelium, connective tissue, Internal Elastic Lamina (IEL)

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14
Q

Tunica Media

A

Smooth Muscle, elastic fibers, EEL (thicker in arteries, thinner in veins)

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15
Q

Tunnica Adventitia

A

Connective tissue +vv+ nerves (thinner in arteries, thicker in veins)

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16
Q

Artery VS. Vein

A

Artery has larger Tunnica Media (PIC)

17
Q

Characteristics of Venules and Arterioles

A

LOOOK AT CHARRRTTTT

18
Q

Aorta: (Elastin Stain)

A

Elastin first appeared phylogenetically with the evolution of closed high pressure circulatory systems (jawed fish). Unique to gnathostome vertebrates

  • Need elasticity of aorta to pump blood through the body
  • Elastin fibers are reliant to blood vessels expanding and contraction
19
Q

Muscular (distributing) Arteries

A
  • Elastic Lamina NOT in veins

- Elastic Lamina usually is not folded but fully plump from blood being full and stretching it

20
Q

Arteriole have how many layers of smooth muscle?

21
Q

Types of Microcirculation

A
  1. Arteriole-Capillary Bed-venule (MOST COMMON)
  2. Arteriovenous anastomosis (skin) (SHORT CIRCUIT CIRCULATION)
  3. Arteriole-capillary-arteriole (kidney)
  4. Venule-Capillary-venule (liver), Hepatic portal system
22
Q

Blood pressue varies through vessels starting in ____ to the ____

A

Arteriole, Venus System

23
Q

Structure of the Vein

A

-not all veins have tunica media
-tunica dventisia is thickest
-in cross sections, tunica adventicia budles have a directionality (perpindicular to those of tunica media
-veins have valves bc of low blood pressure
-valves prevent form flowing backwards
PICS

24
Q

Medium Sized Vein

A
  • Large lumen
  • no scalloped relastic lamina
  • adventitia
25
Q

Large Sized Vein

A

Vena Cava has smooth muscle

  • Thin tunnica media
  • Tunnica Adventitia has bundles of smooth muscle
26
Q

purpose of valves in veins

A

facilitate blood flow in unidirectional blood flow

27
Q

Structure of Heart

A

Built on a cardiac skeleton of high density collagen connective tissue

Endocardium- homologous to tunica intima

Myocardium- homologous to tunica media

Epicardium-homologous to tunica adventitia

28
Q

Functions of Purkinje Fibers

A

a specialized cardiac muscle cell that conducts impulses 5x faster than surrounding cells. Gap junctions allow the wave of depolarization to first induce cardiac muscle contractions from the apex of the heart

29
Q

EpiCardium components

A

fat/adipose cells

30
Q

Endocardium

A

where purkinji fibers are found

31
Q

Function of Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Nodes

A
  • Return Excess 10% of interstitial fluid to blood
  • Trasnport lipids absorbed from intestines
  • Immunologic support
32
Q

Lymphatics

A

Lymphatic Capillaries have unique remeability charactersitics, filaments (elastic fibers) anchor to connective tissue

33
Q

How do we recognize the lymphatic vessel from the vein?

A

Recognize bc lymphatic vessel contains lymphocytes

  • no RBC
  • Cells with Nuclei

Veins hasve no lymphocytes and RBC

34
Q

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Nodes

A

All lymph get filtered by at least one lymph node before it re-enters the blood
-Lymph node pathology used for prognosis of metastases

Histology (23 decks)

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