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Histology > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

The liver is an intraperitoneal organ located just under the….

A

Diaphragm. Its the largest gland in the body!

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2
Q

Hepatic Fluid Dynamics

A

PIC

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3
Q

Portal Tract (Portal Triad)

A
  1. Hepatic Arteriole (artery)
  2. Portal Venule (vein)
  3. Bile Ductule (duct)
  4. Lympatic Vessel
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4
Q

Portal Tracts require only limited amounts of ____` for support

A

Connective Tissue

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5
Q

Both Arterial and portal blood mix in the sinusoids as they flow towards…

A

the central vein

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6
Q

sinusoids between layers of hepatocytes are lined by …

A

highly fenestrated endothelium

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7
Q

Space of disse

A

Space adjacent to hepatocyte (the main cell type within liver) so cells/fluid can flow in and out

(SPace between the endothelium lining and Hepatocytes)

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8
Q

Liver sinusoids lined by…

A

phagocytic cells termed “Kupffer Cells” and fat storing cells termed “Ito cells”

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9
Q

Both bile and lymph flow in an opposite direction of …

A

portal and arterial blood

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10
Q

Kupffer Cells lining the liver sinusoids absorb india ink and show what color…

A

black

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11
Q

Kupffer cells line the…

A

liver sinusoids

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12
Q

ITO Cells AKA Hepatic Stellate Cell AKA Lipocyte contain…

A

abundant lipid droplets

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13
Q

ITO Cells (Lipocytes) can proliferate and secrete…

A

Collagen (type 1) to cause cirrhosis (look at healthy and disease pic)

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14
Q

Hepatocyte has 2 faces- name them

A

Sinusoidal and Hepatocellular

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15
Q

Hepatocyte Sinusoidal Face

A

Microvilli of hepatocytes extend into this space of Disse, allowing proteins and other plasma components from the sinusoids to be absorbed by the hepatocytess

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16
Q

Hepatocyte Hepatocellular Face

A

Forms Bile canaliculus

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17
Q

Hepatocyte Functions (4)

A
  1. Synthesis of plasma proteins (albumin, fibrinogen)
  2. Storage of glucose as glycogen
  3. Convert amino acids into glucose (gluconeogenesis)
  4. Detoxification and conjugation of ingested toxins
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18
Q

Glycogen in liver stains magenta with….

A

PAS stain

19
Q

Most liver glycogen is used up after…

A

the first 25 hrs of fasting

20
Q

Somatomedins (IGF) produced predominantly in the liver stimulate…

A

bone and muscle growth

21
Q

Typical morphological features in extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver

A

consist of small aggregates of cells with intensely basophilic nuclei (erythroid) — Fetal Hematopoiesis

22
Q

Bilirubin (produced in the liver) transported to the liver is excreted in…

A

Bile and gets there via bile canniliculi

23
Q

Jaundice

A

Accumilation of bilirubin (not going thru bile canaliculi) causing yellowing of skin and eyes. Neonates may have immature liver, adults may have diseased liver

24
Q

What happens to RBC in Macrophages

A

They are broken down by macrophages, each component of hemoglobin has a different fate.

25
Q

What do Macrophages strip from the heme molecule??

A

Hemoglobin.
Globin is broken down into Amino Acids and recycled.

Heme is stripped of Iron and it is recycled.

26
Q

What enzymes conjugate to make bilirubin glucuronide?

A

In the liver, Enzyme glucuronyltransferase conjugates bilirubin with glucuronic acid

27
Q

Bilirubin glucuronide characteristics

A

Water soluble and is excreted into the bile canaliculus and eventually the large intestine

28
Q

Gilberts Syndrome

A

Reduced activity of glucuronyltransferase

29
Q

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

A

Severe defficiency of glucuronidation of bilirubin

30
Q

Dubin Johnson and Rotor’s Syndrome

A

Defect in the ability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into the bile canaliculus

31
Q

Bile acids such as cholic acid are synthesized in…

A

Hepatocytes and secreted into the bile canaliculus

32
Q

Bile Canaliculus structure

A

has no structure of its own- its lumen is a sealed-off space between two hepatocytes joined by zonula occludens (tight junctions)

33
Q

Function of Classic Hepatic Lobule

A

Drains blood from the portal vein and the hepatic artery (portal triad) to the hepatic or the central vein

34
Q

Function of Portal Lobule

A

Drains bile from hepatocytes to the bile duct

35
Q

Function of Portal Acinus

A

Supplies oxygenated blood to hepatocytes

36
Q

Hepatic Acinus

A

Zone 1 has more oxygen and nutrients whereas Zone 3 has the least

37
Q

What is another name for Piit Cells and where do they occur

A

NK Cell, in the sinusoids

38
Q

Stellate Cell AKA…

A

ITO

39
Q

What is liver cirrhosis?

A
  1. Liver Failure
  2. Portal Hypertension
  3. Liver Cancer
40
Q

30-50% of patients dying from malignant diseases have…

A

Hepatic metastases. The liver is a sink for blood flow so metastatic tumor cells originating elsewhere seed in the liver

41
Q

Another name for bile duct

A

Herings Canal (which is going from central vein to portal triad

42
Q

Where do Kupffer Cells derive from

A

Monocytes

43
Q

Bile Canaliculus is connected to adjacent cell via…

A

Tight (occluding) junction

44
Q

Heterogeneity of Hepatocytes

A

A reduction of oxygen throughout the cells and toward the central vein causes a change in the ability of hepatocytes to metabolize certain compounds

Histology (23 decks)

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