Liver Flashcards
The liver is an intraperitoneal organ located just under the….
Diaphragm. Its the largest gland in the body!
Hepatic Fluid Dynamics
PIC
Portal Tract (Portal Triad)
- Hepatic Arteriole (artery)
- Portal Venule (vein)
- Bile Ductule (duct)
- Lympatic Vessel
Portal Tracts require only limited amounts of ____` for support
Connective Tissue
Both Arterial and portal blood mix in the sinusoids as they flow towards…
the central vein
sinusoids between layers of hepatocytes are lined by …
highly fenestrated endothelium
Space of disse
Space adjacent to hepatocyte (the main cell type within liver) so cells/fluid can flow in and out
(SPace between the endothelium lining and Hepatocytes)
Liver sinusoids lined by…
phagocytic cells termed “Kupffer Cells” and fat storing cells termed “Ito cells”
Both bile and lymph flow in an opposite direction of …
portal and arterial blood
Kupffer Cells lining the liver sinusoids absorb india ink and show what color…
black
Kupffer cells line the…
liver sinusoids
ITO Cells AKA Hepatic Stellate Cell AKA Lipocyte contain…
abundant lipid droplets
ITO Cells (Lipocytes) can proliferate and secrete…
Collagen (type 1) to cause cirrhosis (look at healthy and disease pic)
Hepatocyte has 2 faces- name them
Sinusoidal and Hepatocellular
Hepatocyte Sinusoidal Face
Microvilli of hepatocytes extend into this space of Disse, allowing proteins and other plasma components from the sinusoids to be absorbed by the hepatocytess
Hepatocyte Hepatocellular Face
Forms Bile canaliculus
Hepatocyte Functions (4)
- Synthesis of plasma proteins (albumin, fibrinogen)
- Storage of glucose as glycogen
- Convert amino acids into glucose (gluconeogenesis)
- Detoxification and conjugation of ingested toxins
Glycogen in liver stains magenta with….
PAS stain
Most liver glycogen is used up after…
the first 25 hrs of fasting
Somatomedins (IGF) produced predominantly in the liver stimulate…
bone and muscle growth
Typical morphological features in extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver
consist of small aggregates of cells with intensely basophilic nuclei (erythroid) — Fetal Hematopoiesis
Bilirubin (produced in the liver) transported to the liver is excreted in…
Bile and gets there via bile canniliculi
Jaundice
Accumilation of bilirubin (not going thru bile canaliculi) causing yellowing of skin and eyes. Neonates may have immature liver, adults may have diseased liver
What happens to RBC in Macrophages
They are broken down by macrophages, each component of hemoglobin has a different fate.
What do Macrophages strip from the heme molecule??
Hemoglobin.
Globin is broken down into Amino Acids and recycled.
Heme is stripped of Iron and it is recycled.
What enzymes conjugate to make bilirubin glucuronide?
In the liver, Enzyme glucuronyltransferase conjugates bilirubin with glucuronic acid
Bilirubin glucuronide characteristics
Water soluble and is excreted into the bile canaliculus and eventually the large intestine
Gilberts Syndrome
Reduced activity of glucuronyltransferase
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
Severe defficiency of glucuronidation of bilirubin
Dubin Johnson and Rotor’s Syndrome
Defect in the ability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into the bile canaliculus
Bile acids such as cholic acid are synthesized in…
Hepatocytes and secreted into the bile canaliculus
Bile Canaliculus structure
has no structure of its own- its lumen is a sealed-off space between two hepatocytes joined by zonula occludens (tight junctions)
Function of Classic Hepatic Lobule
Drains blood from the portal vein and the hepatic artery (portal triad) to the hepatic or the central vein
Function of Portal Lobule
Drains bile from hepatocytes to the bile duct
Function of Portal Acinus
Supplies oxygenated blood to hepatocytes
Hepatic Acinus
Zone 1 has more oxygen and nutrients whereas Zone 3 has the least
What is another name for Piit Cells and where do they occur
NK Cell, in the sinusoids
Stellate Cell AKA…
ITO
What is liver cirrhosis?
- Liver Failure
- Portal Hypertension
- Liver Cancer
30-50% of patients dying from malignant diseases have…
Hepatic metastases. The liver is a sink for blood flow so metastatic tumor cells originating elsewhere seed in the liver
Another name for bile duct
Herings Canal (which is going from central vein to portal triad
Where do Kupffer Cells derive from
Monocytes
Bile Canaliculus is connected to adjacent cell via…
Tight (occluding) junction
Heterogeneity of Hepatocytes
A reduction of oxygen throughout the cells and toward the central vein causes a change in the ability of hepatocytes to metabolize certain compounds
