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Histology > Lymphoid System II > Flashcards

Lymphoid System II Flashcards

1
Q

MALT stands for…

A

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

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2
Q

Structureal organizatin of Lymphoid System

A

PIC

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3
Q

Major Lumphoid Tissues

A

(INCREASING COMPLEXITY)

  • Circulating Lymphocytes
  • Diffuse Lymphoid Tissues
  • Solitary Nodules
  • Aggregated Nodules (incompletely encapsulated)
  • Specific Organs (encapsulated)
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4
Q

Aggregated Nodules

A
  1. Tonsils
  2. Peyers Patches
  3. Vermiform Appendix
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5
Q

Specific Organs

A
  1. Bone Marrow
  2. Thymus
  3. Lymph Nodes
  4. Spleen
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6
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Circulating Lymphocytes

A

T Cells- 75%
B Cells- 10%
Natural Killer Cells- 15%

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7
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Diffuse Lymphoid Tissues

A

(small intestine,GI Tract)

Key Points:
Lamina Propria (LP) is connective tissue
-Lymphocytes (mostly B) Secretes IgA
-Eosinophils
-Plasma Cells

*T Cells in the blood, B in connective tissue

IgA protexts mucoisal Epithelium infection

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8
Q

IgA (Secretory immunoglobulins) is secreted across surfaces such as…

A
  • Gi tract- and transported across epithelium on the lumen of GI
  • Respiratory tract
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9
Q

Function of IgA

A
  • Produced by plasma cells
  • Secretory piece.component (SC) added by epithelial cells, protects against lysosomal degradation, SC clipped at surface to release IgA dimer into lumen
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10
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Solitary Nodules distinguishing factors

A

Nodules= same thing as Follicles

  • Ring around it- mantle + Germinal center=Secondary Nodule (stains lighter)
  • Primary Nodule= no activated germinal center
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11
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Solitary Nodules

A

Gastrointestinal, respiratory tracts (mucosa and submucosa)
-Unencapsulated (lymph nodes- encapsulated)

1 Degree Nodule: Naive B cells

2 Degree Nodule:
-Cap or Mantle Naive B cells
-GerminalCenter
Activation of immune cells (B cells, T-Helper cell, Dendritic Cell)

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12
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Aggregated Nodules- Tonsils

A

Surface- No connective tissue, just skin.
-Discontinuous ring of lymphatic tissue around oral cavity

Palatine Tonsils:

  • Incompletely encapsulated
  • Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium at the surface
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13
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Aggregated Nodules- Peyers Patches

A

Occur in Ilium of GI tract (small intestine)

-Microfold cells transport antigen to macrophages for stimulation of B and T lymphocytes (immune response)

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14
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Aggregated Nodules-Vermiform Appendix

A

Forms the termial narrowed tip of the cecum (MCBURNEYS POINT)
-uknown function

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15
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Aggregated Nodules-Vermiform Appendix Lymphatic Tissue

A

In an older person, most of it is gone!

  • amount of tissue as age goes on declines
  • Gets replaced with adipose tissue
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16
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Specific Organ- Bone Marrow (Central organ)

A
  • Bone marrow is lined by endothelial cells

- PIC

17
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Thymus

A
  • Where T Cells mature aka Thymocyte maturation
  • Microframework of the thymus is formed by epithelial reticular cells

PIC

18
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Thymus Function

A
  • Thymocyte Maturation
  • Positive Selective forces
  • Negative selective forces
  • 95% of developing thymocytes are destroyed (NOT EFFICIENT)
  • only 5% make it
19
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Blood Thymus Barrier

A

A blood thymus barrier prevents formed elements of the blood from redily contacting thymocytes in cortex of lobules– prevent an interaction which may cause immune response

20
Q

Hassalls’ Corpuscle

A

Feature that allow us to identify thymus and not something else.

  • derived from meddullary epithelial reticular cells
  • Keratinized
  • Secretes thymic epithelial cytokines
21
Q

Histophysiology of the Thymus

A

PIC

22
Q

Immunosinesence

A

As person gets older- components of immune ssytem occurs Immunosinesence

Seen in bone marrow: where red marrow is replaced with yellow marrow
Appendix:younger person has lymphocytes and older has fewer t cells
Thymus: mmuch of t cell component is replaced by adipose tissue

23
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Specific Organs-Lymph Nodes

A

Lympho nodes are a fiter of lymphatic vessels
-vessels drain connective tissue (uni directional) back to a large venous
-consenstrate in bundles in Axillary nodes, etc…
Bc these bumdles are pourus,
They are a route for tumor cells to circulate around body
-surgeons want to see NO spread cancer around nodes for longer/good prognosis
-Have >500 lymph nodes

24
Q

Areas rich in nodes

A
  • neck
  • Mediastinum
  • Retroperitonium
25
Q

Function of Lymph Nodes

A
  • Filter Lymph-fluid is drained from afferent to efferent lumphatic (PIC)
  • Hold T and B cells
26
Q

Postcapillary High Endothelial Venue (HEV) {Paracortex of Lymph Node}

A

-Lymphocytes make their way in through Lymph Nodes passing across HEV (PIC)

27
Q

Spleen Function

A
  • Filter blood
  • Immune response to blood born Ag
  • Platelet Storage
  • Extra-medullary Hematopoiesis (referring to bone marrow- genetic memory of its 2nd trimester fetal life and if called upon it can reactivate and take over to undergo some hematopoeisis )
28
Q

Spleen Structure

A

Red Pulp: Erithrocytes, no nuclei

White Pulp: abundant in ….

PIC

29
Q

Blood circulation of Spleen

A

PIC
-Blood enters the central artery into the white pulp containing lymphocytes. Macrophages interact with pathogens and it may cause an immune response and may form a 2dary nodule

-around central artery theres a sheet of lymphocytes theres a periarterial

30
Q

Major Lymphoid Tissues: Specific Organs-Lymph Nodes

A

Sinusoid (open circulation)- filtration slow 90%

Sinusoid (closed circulation)-filtration fast 10%

-When RBC pass sinusoid, they cas pass in/out of slits (PIC)

31
Q

Splenic Sinusoids of Red Pulp

A

Blood cells flowing through the spleen must cross the sinusoidal wall to re-enter blood. Only healthy blood cells can survive this “right of passage” fully intact.

-If RBC are ,120 days old (flexible), they can squeeze back into lumen of sinousoid and exit thru veins BUT if old >120 days oR SICKLE CELL (inflexible) then macrophages are going to attack RBC and phagocytize them and destroy them.

Histology (23 decks)

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