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Histology > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

Integument Composed of…

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Skin Appendages: Hair (nails)
  • Glands
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2
Q

Hypodermis

A

NOT part of integument

-Fatty cell layer with adipose tissue

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3
Q

Dermis ->

A

Dermal Scales (denticles)- fish and amphibians

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4
Q

Epidermis->

A

Terrestrial Vertebrates Epidermal Scales (stratum Corneum)-reptiles, feathers- dinosaurs and birds

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5
Q

Epidermis->

A

Hair, Nails (mammals)

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6
Q

Sweat Glands

A

Apocrine

-Mammary Glands (mammals)

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7
Q

Zoological definition of a mammal

A

Presence of mammary gland in an animal

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8
Q

Epidermis Classification of skin

A
  • Thick Skin

- Thin skin

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9
Q

Thin Skin Characteristics

A

Covers most of the body

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10
Q

Thick Skin Characteristics

A

thicker St. Corneum

  • Presence of St. Lucidum
  • On palms of hands and souls of feet
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11
Q

Cells of the Epidermis

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Langerhan’s Cells
  • Merkel’s Cells
  • Melanocyte
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12
Q

Keratinocyte

A
  • Filled with Keratin (intermediate) Filaments

- Attached to each other by Desmosomes

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13
Q

5 Layers of Thick Skin

A

From Top to bottom:

  • Stratum Corneum
  • Stratum Lucidum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Basale
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14
Q

Stratum Basale (Germinativum)

A
  • living cell layer
  • Layer restsing on basement membrane and under the dermis
  • most mitotic! Rise up
  • Connected by desmosomes
  • Hemidesmosomes use integrins
  • Desmosomes use Cadherins
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15
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A
  • Tonofibrils Cytokeratin Filaments
  • Desmosomes
  • Artifact of tissue shrinkage
  • Spiny Cell layer
  • Spiney occurs from tissue shrinkage
  • During preparation of tissue, the cell shrink but held by desmosomes so as cells shrink, the desmosomes rise to spiny apearances because theyre holding on 2 cells together
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16
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A
  • Keratohyalin Granules (no membrane) (flaggrin binds keratin)
  • Lamellar Granules (membrane coated)

-Lipid sheets secreted into intercellular space to form intercellular cement and barrier

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17
Q

Stratum Lucidum and Corneum (non-living layers)

A
  • Squames

- St. Granulosum

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18
Q

Layers of Thin Skin

A
  • St. Corneum
  • St. granulosum
  • St. Spinosum
  • St. Basale
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19
Q

Layers of Thick Skin

A
  • St. Corneum
  • St. Lucidum
  • St. granulosum
  • St. Spinosum
  • St. Basale
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20
Q

Dermatoglyphics

A

(finger prints)

-unique to everyone except if you are an identical twin (still some changes from nature and nurture)

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21
Q

Functions of Epidermis

A
  • Abrasion Resistance (loose cells of the stratum corneum)
  • Physical- Chemical Barrier- skin is physical barrier to bacteria
  • Water Proofing (adaptation to terrestrial environemtn against desiccation)-inhibits evaporative loss
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22
Q

Cells of Epidermis

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Langerhan’s Cells
  • Merkel’s Cell
  • Melanocyte (originate from neural crest)
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23
Q

Melanocyte

A

Eumelanin (black)
Pheomelanin (red)
-Tyrosinase converts DOPA into dopaquinone into melanin

PIC

24
Q

Melanocyte Function

A

Give rise to melanin and pigmentation

  • secreted into cytoplasm of adjacent keratinocytes
  • migrate to lcoation above nucleus above of that keratinocyte bc they act as a barrier to sunlight
  • Purpose is to protct DNA material from UV light/damage
25
Q

Skin color is dependent on amount of…

A

Melanin in Carotene NOT Melanocytes

26
Q

Albinism

A

-Albinos lack the enzyme Tyroisnase and they cant make melanin- pinkness is reflection of blood

27
Q

Langerhan’s Cells

A
  • Dendritic Cells

- APC (from monocytes)

28
Q

Merkel’s Cell

A

(sensory)

  • Rare type of tumor
  • Lean on nerve fiber
29
Q

3 main types of skin cancer

A
  • Basal Cell Carcinoma
  • Squamoud Cell Carcinoma
  • Melanoma
30
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells that produce skin coloring or pigment known as melanin (where Melanoma Starts)

31
Q

Dermal- Epidermal Junction

A

PIC

32
Q

Dermis

A
  • Papillary Layer

- Reticular Lyaer

33
Q

Dermis, Papillary Layer

A

(Peg and socket) locks epidermis to dermis to lock them together

  • Capillaries
  • Meissner Corpuscles (light touch)
34
Q

Dermis, Reticular Layer (arteriovenous shunts)

A

(leather from animals)

-Animals use leather in reticular layer to keep warm

35
Q

Dermis (dense irregular connective tissue)

A

Irregular desposition responsible for wrinkles

  • fibroblasts
  • bundle of Type I collagen
  • Elastic fibers
36
Q

Arteriovenous (AV) shunts

A

(thermoregulation)

  • Control flow of blood up to papillary layer
  • When youre cold , blood vessels clamp and reduces flow of blood into papillary laye– reduces evaporative cooling

When youre hot- start getting pink/ red- blood vessels open up and increase blood flow into
campilalries of papillary layer right underneath the epidermis for more cooling (releasing more water to cool)

37
Q

Afferent Nerve Fibers and Sensory Structures of Skin

A
  • Free Nerve ending
  • Merkel’s Cell
  • Meissner’s Corpuscle
  • Pacinian Corpuscle
38
Q

Dermis, Pacinian Corpuscle

A

Deep Touch/pressure, reticular layer

39
Q

Nails (epidermal)

A

Derived from epidermis

-Nail Matrix gives rise to nail plate (part that if hanging above skin)

40
Q

Hair Follice and bulb (epidermal)

A

Consists of shaft
Beneath skin is called root
-epidermal in origin

41
Q

Hair Bulb

A
  • Germinal Matrix (Chemotherapy destroys fast growing cells causing hair loss)
  • Melanocytes
  • Hair Papila (dermal)
  • Blood Vessel
42
Q

Scalp cooling device

A
  • Reduces hair loss caused by chemo
  • Cooling reduces blood flow through the hair papilla by redirecting blood
  • Less chemo reaches papila and haird dont fall out
43
Q

Internal Root Sheath

A

Epidermal, At level of sebatious gland

44
Q

External Root Sheath

A

Epidermal, Continuous beyond the sebatious gland onto the surface of body as epidermis

45
Q

Hair Shaft

A
  • Medulla
  • Cortex
  • Cuticle (small barbs)
46
Q

Structure of Hair follicle

A
  • Hair Shaft Cubicle (small Barbs)
  • Internal Root Sheath
  • External Root Sheath
  • Glassy Membrane
47
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle

A

Functions in cold- contracts and pulls to straighten hair shaft, increasing boundary effect to incease boundary layer on surface of skin- contract on fear and fligt reactions

48
Q

Cause of Graying of hair

A

Loss of melanin with age

49
Q

Glands of the Skin

A
  • Sebaceous Gland (secretes onto hair shaft NOT epidermis)
  • Eccrine (merocrine) Sweat gland
  • Apocrine Sweat Gland
50
Q

Sebaceous Gland consist of

A

Simple branched acinar gland

  • Holocrine mode of secretion (whole cell reptures and expells)
  • Sebum maintains stratum corneum weak antibacterial/fungal activity
51
Q

Eccrine (merocrine) Sweat gland consist of

A
  • Myopethelial Cells
  • Secretory Portion
  • Dark Cells: Nucleoid, Antibacterial, Secretory Granules
  • Clear Cells: Produce sweat
  • Duct is lined by stratified cuboidal epithelium
52
Q

Eccrine (merocrine) Sweat gland- Excretory Duct

A

Absorption mainly Na+ and Cl- Ions

53
Q

Eccrine (merocrine) Sweat gland- Secretory Duct

A

Secretion mainly protein free filtrate

54
Q

Apocrine Sweat Gland structure

A
  • Secretes onto hair shaft, larger diamete than eccrine glands
  • Only Dark Cells (antibacterial, Pheronomes)
55
Q

Apocrine Sweat Gland Function

A

(Name is misnomer, secretes via merocrine mode)

  • Restricted to axillary parts of body (armpit and groins)
  • -larger luminal diameter
  • Secretes via merocrine mode of secretion as well

Histology (23 decks)

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