GI Tract

Question 1

Structure of GI in small intestine

Answer 1

With glands and villi

Question 2

Structure of GI in Colon

Answer 2

Glands only

Question 3

Mucosa in Esophagus

Answer 3

• Stratified squamous Non-Keratinized Epithelium
• Muscularis Mucosa (smooth muscle)
• Esophageal glands in sub-mucosa secrete mucous

Question 4

Muscularis Externa in Esophagus

Answer 4

• Proximal (toward middle of body) (upper) third of muscularis externa is skeletal muscle
• Middle third of muscularis externa is both skeletal and smooth muscle
• Distal (lower) third of muscularis externa is only smooth muscle

Question 5

Mucous esophageal glands are in the…

Answer 5

Submucosa

Question 6

Striated Skeletal muscle is in the…

Answer 6

Musclularis

Question 7

Esophago-gastric Junction

Answer 7

At the junction of the esophagus and the cardiac region of the stomach there is an abrupt change in the lining mucosa from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium which invaginates as gastric pits

Question 8

Cardiac Stomach

Answer 8

The cardiac stomach is no more than 3 cm wide. From the gastric pits extend cardiac glands. the cardiac glands are coiled, tubular, branched lines by mucous columnar cells
(Gastric pits and cardiac glands. Secretes mostly mucus)

Question 9

Body and Fundus Stomach

Answer 9

Gastric pits and gastric glands. The glands are branched tubular. Each gastric gland has an isthmus, neck, and base. The isthmus has mucous cells and a few parietal cells. The neck has mucous neck cells and parietal cells. The base has parietal cells and chief cells. Large mucosa and submucosa folds (rugae)

Question 10

Rugae

Answer 10

Large mucosa and submucosa folds

Question 11

Pyloric Stomach

Answer 11

Deeper gastric pits and short pyloric glands which are coiled tubular branched, Secretes mostly mucous.

Question 12

Surface mucous cells in the Stomach Fundus & Body

Answer 12

Secrete protective mucous

Question 13

Mucous Neck cells in the Stomach Fundus & Body

Answer 13

Mucous secretion

Question 14

Parietal cells in the Stomach Fundus & Body

Answer 14

Secrete HCL and intrinsic factor

stain lightly

Question 15

CHIEF OR ZYMOGENIC CELLS in the Stomach Fundus & Body

Answer 15

Secrete gastric lipase and precursor pepsinogen that is converted in the acid environment of the stomach to proteolytically active pepsin (stain darkly)

Question 16

G Cells in the Stomach Fundus & Body

Answer 16

secrete the hormone gastrin

Question 17

Enteroendocrine (argentaffin Cells) in the Stomach Fundus & Body

Answer 17

Secrete serotonin

Question 18

Duodenum Characteristics

Answer 18

1. Villi on surface
2. Short Crypts of Lieberkuhn (intestinal galnds)
3. Long duodenal glands (Brunner’s glands; branched tubular) extend through submucosa

Question 19

Jejunum

Answer 19

Only Surface Villi and Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 20

Ileum

Answer 20

Surface Villi with crypts of Lieberkuhn, Lympathic nodules (peyers patches)

Question 21

Peyers Patches

Answer 21

Formed by Lymphatic Nodules

Question 22

Large Intestine (colon) Characteristics

Answer 22

• Cecum with evaginated appendix
• Ascending, transverse, descending colon
• Sigmoid (pelvic colon)
• Rectum
• NO VILLI
• Intestinal glands (tubular) goblet and absorptive cells
• Taeniae Coli

Question 23

Taeniae Coli

Answer 23

Three outer longitudinal bands of smooth muscle

Question 24

Recto-Anal Junction

Answer 24

(PICS) Rectum lined by simple columnar epithelium and tubular glands changes to stratified squamous epithelium of anus

Question 25

What organs are in small intestine?

Answer 25

- Dudenum - Jejunum - Ileum

Question 26

General Structure of the GI Tract

Answer 26

half resembles the small intestine and the other half resembles the colon.

Question 27

Regions of the Stomach

Answer 27

Cardiac Stomach, Body and Fundus Stomach, Pyloric Stomach

Question 28

In Body and Fundus of the stomach, Gastric glands are ___

Answer 28

Branched tubular

Question 29

Each Gastric Gland has...

Answer 29

An - Isthmus-Has mucous cells and a few parietal cells - Neck- Has Mucous neck cells and parietal cells - Base-Has Parietal cells and chief cells

Question 30

Body & Fundus VS. Pyloric Stomach Glands

Answer 30

Body & Fundus Glands: Short gastric pits and long branched tubular glands Pyloric Stomach Glands: Deeper gastric pits and short pyloric glands which are coiled tubular branched

Question 31

Stomach Parietal RESTING VS ACTIVE CELLS

Answer 31

In Resting- Tubulovesicles in the cytoplasm are seperate bu tin Active, they fuse together to form microvilli that fill up the inctracellular canaliculli

Question 32

Transition from the stomach to the intestine

Answer 32

Mucosa changes from gastric pits to intestinal villi. At the Junction, The thickened smooth muscle of the pyloric sphincter can be seen

Question 33

Small Intestine Structure

Answer 33

PICS - Glands - Vili - Crypts of Lieberluhn: - Goblet cells (musucs gland) - Renewal of cells - Smooth Muscle - Lymphocytes - Panneth Cells (has to do with lymphocytes) - Mitosis of vili needs to occur since number of cells are leaving - Stem cells at bottom of Gastric Pits are going to be moving upward as they reproduce.

Question 34

Stem Cell of Small Intestine can turn into...

Answer 34

Paneth Cell-Exocrine Cell Goblet Cell-Protective Cell Enteroendocrine Cell- Endocrine Cell Enterocyte- Absorptive Cell

Question 35

Structure of Microvili in Small Intestine

Answer 35

PIC - Actin Filament - Fibrin

Question 36

Structure of Small Intestine Vessels & Nerves

Answer 36

Blood circulation, Lympathic Circulation, Innervation & Muscle System

Question 37

Intestinal Glands are also called

Answer 37

Crypts of Liekerkuhn

Question 38

Small VS Large Intestine

Answer 38

PIC | Large: Intestinal Crypts have no Villi (IMPORTANT), tenai colit

Question 39

The Appendix is invaginated in...

Answer 39

Large Intestine

Question 40

In large colon- why do the segments turn?

Answer 40

because of the positioning of liver and spleen- which cause they colon to turn

Question 41

The stomach deals w/ several harsh conditions that pass it and need to renew cells

Answer 41

Remember: theyre actively reniewing and non-keratinized so not as tough as skin- stem cells are located on surface levels and renewal is based on organ