urinary system Flashcards
what is the urinary tract?
transports urine, contains ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
what is tubular secretion?
transport of additional things that the body does not want/need, moves from the blood into the tube
what is the glomerular capsule?
surrounds the glomerulus, contains visceral layer and made up of podocytes, parietal layer, and the capsular space
kidneys function?
filters blood and turns filtrate into urine
submucosa in the urinary bladder?
dense irregular CT
muscularis in the ureters?
2 layers of smooth muscle
what is the renal calculi or kidney stones?
frequent dehydration
muscularis in the urinary bladder?
3 layers of smooth muscle, made from detrusor muscle
where are the arcuate arteries found?
at the cortex medullary junction
what is the ureter and function?
long thin paired muscular tubes, transports urine form kidney to the urinary bladder
what is the nephron and its function?
functional filtration unit of the kidney, filters blood and modifies the filtrate
what is the function of the DCT?
resorbs more materials and water in the filtrate and the resorbed material is sent to the blood in the peritubular capillaries
where does the renal artery receive blood from?
receives blood from the aorta
what do the peritubular capillaries do?
gas/nutrient exchange between kidney tissues and the blood
urethra associated with vulva, vagina, and the uterus?
carries urine only, distensible, short
what do the skeletal muscle fibers in the urethra do?
they thicken and form an external urethral sphincter
what is the flow of urine?
1.filtrate is squeezed out of glomerulus and enters the capsular space
2. PCT
3. Nephron loop
4. DCT
5. collecting tubule
6. collecting duct
7. minor calyx
8. major calyx
9. renal pelvis
10. ureter
11. urinary bladder
12. urine exits through urethra
process of releasing urine is called?
urination or micturition
what is the renal corpuscle?
glomerulus + glomerular capsule
what is glomerular filtration?
removal from the blood
what is the order of blood supply to the kidneys?
- renal artery
- segmental arteries
- interlobar arteries
- arcuate arteries
- interlobular arteries
- afferent arterioles
- glomerulus
- efferent arterioles
- peritubular capillaries
- interlobular veins
- arcuate veins
- interlobar veins
- renal vein
where do the afferent arteries bring blood to?
glomerulus
adventitia in the urinary bladder?
areolar CT
what does the glomerulus do?
blood is filtered
what is the urethra and its function?
singular muscular tube running from the bladder to exterior of the body, pierces a group of muscles called the urogenital diaphragm expels urine from the body
what is the function of the nephron loop?
resorbs more materials and water in the filtrate, resorbed materials are sent to the blood in the vasa recta the filtrate travels to the DCT
what are the major calyces?
drain into the renal pelvis which connect to the ureters
what is the PCT function?
resorbs the food stuff from the filtrate and the material is sent back to the blood in the peritubular capillaries and then the filtrate passes into the nephron loop
where do the interlobar arteries travel?
renal columns
what is the capsular space?
filtrate is squeezed into this space and then enters the PCT
adventitia in the ureters?
areolar CT
what are the minor calyces?
they unite to form a major calyx
urinary system function?
filter blood and transport the liquid waste out of the body
mucosa in the ureter?
distensible, transitional epithelium multiple layers of cells superficial cells may appear flattened or rounded, some are binucleated
why does blood need filtered?
waste products, pH levels, life sustaining
urethra associated with penis and prostate gland?
carries both urine and semen, not very distensible, longer
what does the nephron consist of?
renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop and the distal convoluted tubule
what is tubular reabsorption?
recovery of things the body still needs, move from the tube back into the blood
what is the urinary bladder and its function?
shape changes as it fills, if its empty it’s an upside-down pyramid and if its full it’s an oval, muscular storage sac for urine
what do the renal pyramids do?
drains urine into a minor calyx
what is the detrusor muscle?
contains internal urethral sphincter
what is the voluntary sphincter controlled by?
the pudendal nerve
mucosa in the urinary bladder?
transitional epithelium
why do ureters use peristalsis?
not always standing up
