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Anatomy > bone > Flashcards

bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is Tissues are bone comprised of?

A

bone connective tissue, dense irregular tissue, nerves

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2
Q

What is compact bone and it’s function?

A

forms dense, hard outer casting of all bones
function: Resists forces from weight and movement

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3
Q

what cells is compact bone comprised of?

A

Osteons

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4
Q

where is spongy bone present?

A

Found in flat bones and ends of long bones

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5
Q

What is spongy bone and its function?

A

it forms light, thin inner network of bone, lattice work of bone function: Resists stress on bones in multiple directions (like skin)

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6
Q

what kind of tissue does spongy bone house?

A

hematopoietic tissue

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7
Q

What is the function of the skeletal system?

A

Support, protection, mineral storage, hematopoiesis

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8
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

red bone marrow in some spongy bone

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9
Q

where does hematopoiesis happen in children?

A

red bone marrow mostly in spongy bone

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10
Q

where does hematopoiesis happen in adults?

A

axial skeleton, proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur, marrow in shafts of long bones turns to yellow bone marrow.

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11
Q

Are osteocytes vascular or avascular?

A

Vascular

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12
Q

what are osteocytes?

A

mature bone cells that rest in the lacunae and are surrounded by the periosteum and its mineralized

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13
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

mature cartilage cells embedded in lacunae of the matrix, semi solid ground substance

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14
Q

how is nutrients obtained in cartilage?

A

Diffusion of ground substance

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15
Q

What are chondrocytes surrounded by?

A

perichondrium (dense irregular tissue)

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16
Q

What is the function of hyaline cartilage and where is it?

A

Provides smooth surface for joint movement and support located in joint surfaces, trachea, and fetal skeleton

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17
Q

What is the function of fibrocartilage and where is it?

A

support and withstanding compression located in the intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and menisci

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18
Q

What are long bones and what is their function?

A

They are longer than they are wide function: Levers, joints, and pivots for body movement

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19
Q

what is the function of the elastic cartilage and where is it located?

A

flexibility and strength, and its in external ear

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20
Q

what are short bones and their function?

A

They are as long as they are wide(cube shaped)
function: Distribute and transfer forces across multiple bones

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21
Q

What are flat bones and their function?

A

Thin layer of spongy bone in between compact bone
function: broad surface for muscle attachment and provides protection

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22
Q

What are irregular bones and their function?

A

Irregular and varied shaped bones function: Attachment and protection

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23
Q

What is the diaphysis?

A

It is a cylindrical shaft that is compact bone (the middle part of the bone)

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24
Q

What is the medullary cavity and what does it consist of?

A

it is hollow inside of the diaphysis its lined with endosteum and has yellow bone marrow

25
Q

what is the endosteum?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue around the medullary cavity

26
Q

What is the epiphysis and what type of bone does if have?

A

The ends of bones and it has compact bone surrounding spongy Bone

27
Q

What are the two types of epiphysis?

A

proximal epiphysis and distal epiphysis

28
Q

What is articular cartilage and it’d function?

A

it is hyaline cartilage on the epiphyses
function: Reduces friction between connecting bone

29
Q

what is osteoarthritis?

A

Its the break down of hyaline cartilage, can happen in young people with repetitive joint movement

30
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate and its function?

A

hyaline plate between diaphysis and epiphysis
function: Length wise bone growth

31
Q

What is the epiphyseal line?

A

The growth plate fully grown and seen in adults after puberty it is a thin plate of compact bone

32
Q

What is the periosteum and its function?

A

dense irregular tissue that covers outside of bone
function: Growth in bone width

33
Q

what are perforating fibers?

A

Protein fibers that anchor the periosteum to bone and are very vascular with lots of nerves

34
Q

What are osteoblasts and their function?

A

Immature bone cells that create bone and secretes osteoid

35
Q

What are osteocytes and their function?

A

mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix

36
Q

what are osteoclasts and its function?

A

Formed from red bone marrow ask they break down and resorb bone

37
Q

which bone cell is not the same as the others and why?

A

the osteoclast because it has a different origin and cell line its similar to macrophages

38
Q

what are osteons?

A

Cylindrical structures that run parallel to the length of the diaphysis

39
Q

what is the central canal?

A

Opening that contains blood vessels and nerves with one periosteum

40
Q

what is the concentric lamellae?

A

Concentric rings of bone matrix its the rings around the bullseye

41
Q

What is the lacunae?

A

Spaces where osteocytes reside

42
Q

what is the canaliculi?

A

tiny channels that radiate from lacunae and direct connections for waste and nutrients for bone

43
Q

What bone is not in an osteon?

A

spongy bone

44
Q

What is a perforating canal?

A

Canals that run perpendicular to the central canals it connects multiple canals together

45
Q

What is the interstitial lamellae?

A

incomplete remnants of osteons, no central canals

46
Q

what so the circumferential lamellae?

A

rings of bone that run the entire circumference of the shaft, its the longest word longest lamellae, created by the periosteum

47
Q

What is ossification?

A

Formation and growth of bone tissue

48
Q

what is intramembraneous of ossification?

A

preexisting tissue is mesenchyme and happens in flat bones

49
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

Pre existing tissue is hyaline cartilage and happens in most of bones in the body

50
Q

What is the order of bone growth?

A
  1. Fetal hyaline cartilage model of bone develops
  2. Primary ossification centers form in diaphysis
  3. Secondary ossification centers form in epiphyses
  4. Bone replaces cartilage except the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate
  5. Epiphyseal plate ossify and form epiphyseal Line
51
Q

When is the primary ossification center formed?

A

Starts at 12 weeks

52
Q

when is the secondary ossification center formed?

A

At birth

53
Q

What is the process of fracture repair?

A
  1. Fracture hematoma
  2. Fibrocartilage callus
  3. Bony callus
  4. Remodeling
54
Q

what is a fracture hematoma

A

formed when a bone breaks blood clot

55
Q

What is fibrocartilaginous callus?

A

Formed at site of the fracture soft cartilage

56
Q

what is the bony callus?

A

this is when soft callus is replaced with bony callus

57
Q

what happens when bone is remodeled?

A

newly repaired bone is remodeled to its original form

58
Q

Where is red bone marrow in adults?

A

The proximal epiphysis of humerus

59
Q
A

Anatomy (23 decks)

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