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Anatomy > integument > Flashcards

integument Flashcards

1
Q

What does the integumentary system consist of?

A

skin, hair, nails, exocrine glands

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2
Q

What Are the 7 functions of the skin?

A

protection, water resistant, temperature regulation, secretion, sensory reception, vitamin D synthesis, immune defense

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3
Q

How does the skin regulate temperature?

A

To lose/dissipate heat: Blood vessels dilate more blood comes to surface and sweat glands secrete sweat which evaporates to gain heat,
to conserve heat: Blood vessels in dermis constrict at surface and blood is shunted deeper to lose heat

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4
Q

how does the skin defend against immune system?

A

Epidermal dendritic cells phagocytize(eat up) foreign material

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5
Q

most superficial layer of skin

A

epidermis

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6
Q

What tissue is in the epidermis?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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7
Q

is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

A

avascular

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8
Q

how many layers of epidermis thick skin are there?

A

5 layers

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9
Q

how many layers of thin skin?

A

4

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10
Q

What are the epidermal ridges?

A

rounded projections that interlock with the dermis

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11
Q

What is stratified squamous epithelium?

A

superficial cells that are flattened and deeper cells that are cuboidal and serve for protection, consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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12
Q

What is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and where are they?

A

Alive cells kept moist, oral cavity, pharynx, vagina (openings to body)

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13
Q

what is the dermis and what does it consist of?

A

the second layer of skin, contains nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands

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14
Q

what tissue is in the dermis?

A

dense irregular tissue and some areolar connective tissue

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15
Q

What is dermal papillae and where is it?

A

projections interlocked with epidermal ridges in the dermis

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16
Q

What does areolar connective tissue consist of and what is its function?

A

fibroblasts, lots of ground substance
function: Packing and binding material together around organs

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17
Q

Is Areolar connective tissue vascular or avascular?

A

vascular

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18
Q

what does dense irregular tissue consist of and what is its function?

A

fibroblasts, only a little ground substance, collagen in tightly packed clumps
function: Strength and support, withstands stresses in many directions (pulling skin)

19
Q

is dense irregular tissue vascular or avascular?

A

vascular

20
Q

Where is the subcutaneous layer and what is the function?

A

the bottom layer of skin deep to integument (technically not part of integument)
function: Stores fat and anchors integument to underlying tissue

21
Q

What are the features of adipose connective tissue and its function?

A

Adipocytes and the nuclei are pushed to the periphery of the cell by the fat droplet
function: Energy storage, insulation, protection, support

22
Q

what tissue is in the subcutaneous layer?

A

Areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue

23
Q

What do keratinocytes do and where are they found?

A

found throughout all layers of skin and they produce keratin

24
Q

what is the life cycle of keratinocytes?

A

They undergo mitosis, move through all layers and are sloughed off

25
Q

What do melanocytes do and where are they?

A

Found in the stratum basale only and Produce melanin

26
Q

What are freckles?

A

irregular patches of melanin

27
Q

What are tactile cells and where are they?

A

connected to nerve endings for touch and found in the stratum basale only

28
Q

What are epidermal dendritic cells and where are they?

A

Ingest bacteria and foreign debris including epidermal cancer cells and found in the stratum spinosum

29
Q

What is the stratum basale layer?

A

deepest layer of epidermis, single layer of columnar and cuboidal keratinocytes resting on basement membrane where keratinocytes are constantly dividing mitotically

30
Q

What is the stratum granulosum layer?

A

Superficial to stratum spinosum, the 3-5 layers of granular, flattened keratinocytes begin keratinization (die off)

31
Q

What is the stratum spinosum?

A

Superficial to the stratum basale, several layers of polygonal shaped keratinocytes (still alive)

32
Q

What is keratinization?

A

process where the nucleus shrivels up, cell dies, and cell fills up with protein keratin (barely alive or dead). completes by the corneum layer

33
Q

What is the stratum lucidum?

A

Clear layer that’s Superficial to stratum granulosum, only in thick skin, 2-3 layers of pale, flattened anucleate keratinocytes (dead cells)

34
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

hornlike later that is the most superficial, 20-30 layers of dead anucleate keratinocytes constantly shed

35
Q

what is the reticular layer and where is it?

A

Below the papillary layer, direct contact with the subcutaneous layer, contains the secretory portion of sweat glands, oil glands, and hair follicles, and dense irregular tissue

35
Q

What is the papillary layer and where is it?

A

Superficial layer of the dermis and contains dermal papillae

36
Q

What are nails formed by and what is the function?

A

formed by stratum corneum and its serves for protection for tips of fingers and foes and helps grasp objects

37
Q

What is the function of hair and what does it consist of?

A

associated with sebaceous glands and arrector pills muscle,
function: protection against UV rays, sensory reception and heat retention

38
Q

What does the arrector pili muscle do?

A

Smooth muscle that causes goose bumps

39
Q

What do exocrine glands do and where are they found?

A

found in the secretory portions found in reticular layer of dermis, and they release their secretions through ducts that open onto the service of the epidermis

40
Q

What are the two exocrine glands?

A

sebaceous and sweat glands

41
Q

Most common sebaceous gland and what does it do?

A

holocrine glands, associated with hair follicles, secretes sebum for lubrication and water proofing of epidermis to prevent brittle hair and causes zits

42
Q

Function of sweat glands?

A

excrete waste and cools body

43
Q

What are the thin skin layers?

A

Basal layer
Spinous layer
Granular layer
Stratum corneum

Anatomy (10 decks)

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