Brain structures

Question 1

what does the brainstem consist of?

Answer 1

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

Question 2

what is the function of the brainstem?

Answer 2

relay center for sensory input and motor output and basic reflex actions

Question 3

what is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 3

higher motor and sensory functions, not part of brain stem, coordinates and fine tunes, maintains balance and posture in response to proprioceptors, assists cerebrum with regulation of behavioral expression, some cognitive skills and language retrieval

Question 4

what is the function of the cardiac center and where is it?

Answer 4

located in medulla oblongata, regulates heart rate and strength contraction

Question 5

what is the vasomotor center and where is it located?

Answer 5

constricts and dilates arterioles (regulates blood pressure), in medulla oblongata

Question 6

what are the pyramids and where are they located?

Answer 6

bilateral ridges on the anterior side, motor axons only, most of the axons are decussate, located in medulla oblongata

Question 7

what is the respiratory center and where is it located?

Answer 7

regulates breathing rate (works with pontine respiratory center in the pons) , in the medulla oblongata

Question 8

what is the inferior part of fourth ventricle and its location?

Answer 8

produces and distributes CSF, in the medulla oblongata

Question 9

what is the pontine respiratory center and its location?

Answer 9

helps control rate and depth of breathing

Question 10

what is the superior part of fourth ventricle and location?

Answer 10

continuous with cerebral aqueduct, in the pons

Question 11

what is the pons composed of?

Answer 11

groups of axons or nerve fiber tracts

Question 12

what is the Tectal plate and its location?

Answer 12

connects brain stem to diencephalon, located on posterior side of midbrain

Question 13

what is the superior colliculi?

Answer 13

subdivision of tectal plate, coordinates head and eye movements to sudden image

Question 14

what is the inferior colliculi?

Answer 14

subdivision of tectal plate, coordinates head and eye movements to sudden sound

Question 15

what are the cerebral peduncles?

Answer 15

groups of axons on anterior side of midbrain, motor axons only, conducts nerve impulses between the cerebrum and brainstem

Question 16

what is the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 16

connects 4th ventricle to 3rd ventricle

Question 17

what is the cerebellar peduncles?

Answer 17

a group of axons in the cerebellum

Question 18

what are the inferior cerebellar peduncles?

Answer 18

connect medulla oblongata to the cerebellum

Question 19

what are the middle cerebellar peduncles?

Answer 19

connects the pons to the cerebellum

Question 20

what are the superior cerebellar peduncles?

Answer 20

connect the midbrain to the cerebellum

Question 21

what are propriocepters?

Answer 21

sensory nerve endings in muscles, joints, and tendons

Question 22

what is ataxia?

Answer 22

uncoordinated and jerky movements

Question 23

what is the pia mater?

Answer 23

a deepest and thinnest cranial meninge that is directly attached to nervous system

Question 24

what is the subarachnoid space?

Answer 24

space between pia and arachnoid mater

Question 25

what is the arachnoid mater?

Answer 25

middle layer of mater

Question 26

what is the dura mater?

Answer 26

outermost layer, creates veins in brain, has two layers

Question 27

what is the inner menigeal layer?

Answer 27

layer of dura mater attached to arachnoid mater

Question 28

what is the outer periosteal layer?

Answer 28

layer of dura mater attached to periosteum

Question 29

what do the dural layers do?

Answer 29

form dural venous sinuses

Question 30

what are dural venous sinuses?

Answer 30

large veins that drain blood from brain between innermenigeal and outer periosteal layers, vein walls are formed from dura mater

Question 31

how is CSF produced?

Answer 31

made in the ventricles of the brain, by the choroid plexus

Question 32

what is CSF and its function?

Answer 32

cerebrospinal fluid, provides buoyancy for brain and spinal cord, maintains CNS chemical environment, produced continuously

Question 33

what is the ventricular system?

Answer 33

the pattern of flow, left and right lateral ventricles found in each cerebral hemisphere, third ventricle is the space in the diencephalon, third ventricle connects to each lateral ventricle via interventricular foramen, cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain, fourth ventricle in both pons and medulla oblongata

Question 34

what is the CSF circulation process first part?

Answer 34

CSF produced by choroid plexus in ventricles

Question 35

CSF circulation part 2?

Answer 35

CSF flows from the lateral ventricles, through the interventricular foramen, into third ventricle to the cerebral aqueduct, and then to 4th ventricle

Question 36

CSF circulation part 3?

Answer 36

CSF leaves 4th ventricle and enters the subarachnoid space

Question 37

CSF circulation part 4?

Answer 37

CSF circulates in subarachnoid space

Question 38

what is the pineal gland and its function?

Answer 38

its a gland in the epithalamus, produces melatonin and regulates circadian rhythm through release of melatonin

Question 39

CSF circulation part 5?

Answer 39

excess CSF removed from subarachnoid space by arachnoid villi

Question 40

what is arachnoid villi?

Answer 40

extensions of arachnoid mater that project into dural venous sinus

Question 41

what is the third ventricle?

Answer 41

walls and roof are formed by thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. it produces CSF and it’s the space in diencephalon