Brain structures Flashcards

1
Q

what does the brainstem consist of?

A

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

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2
Q

what is the function of the brainstem?

A

relay center for sensory input and motor output and basic reflex actions

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3
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum?

A

higher motor and sensory functions, not part of brain stem, coordinates and fine tunes, maintains balance and posture in response to proprioceptors, assists cerebrum with regulation of behavioral expression, some cognitive skills and language retrieval

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4
Q

what is the function of the cardiac center and where is it?

A

located in medulla oblongata, regulates heart rate and strength contraction

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5
Q

what is the vasomotor center and where is it located?

A

constricts and dilates arterioles (regulates blood pressure), in medulla oblongata

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6
Q

what are the pyramids and where are they located?

A

bilateral ridges on the anterior side, motor axons only, most of the axons are decussate, located in medulla oblongata

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7
Q

what is the respiratory center and where is it located?

A

regulates breathing rate (works with pontine respiratory center in the pons) , in the medulla oblongata

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8
Q

what is the inferior part of fourth ventricle and its location?

A

produces and distributes CSF, in the medulla oblongata

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9
Q

what is the pontine respiratory center and its location?

A

helps control rate and depth of breathing

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10
Q

what is the superior part of fourth ventricle and location?

A

continuous with cerebral aqueduct, in the pons

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11
Q

what is the pons composed of?

A

groups of axons or nerve fiber tracts

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12
Q

what is the Tectal plate and its location?

A

connects brain stem to diencephalon, located on posterior side of midbrain

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13
Q

what is the superior colliculi?

A

subdivision of tectal plate, coordinates head and eye movements to sudden image

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14
Q

what is the inferior colliculi?

A

subdivision of tectal plate, coordinates head and eye movements to sudden sound

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15
Q

what are the cerebral peduncles?

A

groups of axons on anterior side of midbrain, motor axons only, conducts nerve impulses between the cerebrum and brainstem

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16
Q

what is the cerebral aqueduct?

A

connects 4th ventricle to 3rd ventricle

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17
Q

what is the cerebellar peduncles?

A

a group of axons in the cerebellum

18
Q

what are the inferior cerebellar peduncles?

A

connect medulla oblongata to the cerebellum

19
Q

what are the middle cerebellar peduncles?

A

connects the pons to the cerebellum

20
Q

what are the superior cerebellar peduncles?

A

connect the midbrain to the cerebellum

21
Q

what are propriocepters?

A

sensory nerve endings in muscles, joints, and tendons

22
Q

what is ataxia?

A

uncoordinated and jerky movements

23
Q

what is the pia mater?

A

a deepest and thinnest cranial meninge that is directly attached to nervous system

24
Q

what is the subarachnoid space?

A

space between pia and arachnoid mater

25
what is the arachnoid mater?
middle layer of mater
26
what is the dura mater?
outermost layer, creates veins in brain, has two layers
27
what is the inner menigeal layer?
layer of dura mater attached to arachnoid mater
28
what is the outer periosteal layer?
layer of dura mater attached to periosteum
29
what do the dural layers do?
form dural venous sinuses
30
what are dural venous sinuses?
large veins that drain blood from brain between innermenigeal and outer periosteal layers, vein walls are formed from dura mater
31
how is CSF produced?
made in the ventricles of the brain, by the choroid plexus
32
what is CSF and its function?
cerebrospinal fluid, provides buoyancy for brain and spinal cord, maintains CNS chemical environment, produced continuously
33
what is the ventricular system?
the pattern of flow, left and right lateral ventricles found in each cerebral hemisphere, third ventricle is the space in the diencephalon, third ventricle connects to each lateral ventricle via interventricular foramen, cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain, fourth ventricle in both pons and medulla oblongata
34
what is the CSF circulation process first part?
CSF produced by choroid plexus in ventricles
35
CSF circulation part 2?
CSF flows from the lateral ventricles, through the interventricular foramen, into third ventricle to the cerebral aqueduct, and then to 4th ventricle
36
CSF circulation part 3?
CSF leaves 4th ventricle and enters the subarachnoid space
37
CSF circulation part 4?
CSF circulates in subarachnoid space
38
what is the pineal gland and its function?
its a gland in the epithalamus, produces melatonin and regulates circadian rhythm through release of melatonin
39
CSF circulation part 5?
excess CSF removed from subarachnoid space by arachnoid villi
40
what is arachnoid villi?
extensions of arachnoid mater that project into dural venous sinus
41
what is the third ventricle?
walls and roof are formed by thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. it produces CSF and it's the space in diencephalon