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Anatomy > meiosis > Flashcards

meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

what is meiosis?

A

a cell division where gametes are produced

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2
Q

what are gametes?

A

sperm or oocytes

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3
Q

what is a diploid?

A

a cell with 2 copies of chromosomes

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4
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

A

23

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5
Q

what is a replicated chromosome?

A

a chromosome with 2 identical sister chromatids

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6
Q

what is a haploid?

A

a cell with a single copy of each chromosome

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7
Q

what is a single stranded chromosome?

A

a chromosome that was previously a sister chromatid and a centromere

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8
Q

what is a homologous chromosome?

A

pair of similar not identical chromosomes

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9
Q

mitosis

A

produces 2 cells, each containing 46 chromosome, daughter cells are identical to the original parent cells, cells are diploid, cell division occurs 1 time

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10
Q

meiosis compared to mitosis

A

produces 4 cells containing only 23 chromosomes, daughter cells are genetically different from parent cells, cells are haploid

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11
Q

what is the spermatogonia?

A

each contains 23 pairs of chromosomes total 46 and they are diploid, stem cells that help produce sperm, divide by mitosis and produce a primary spermatocyte

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12
Q

what do sustentacular cells do?

A

support, protect, and nourish the developing sperm

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13
Q

what are the primary spermatocytes?

A

has 23 pairs of chromosomes that are diploid, divide by meiosis, after finishing the first meiotic division it forms secondary spermatocytes

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14
Q

what are secondary spermatocytes?

A

contains 23 chromosomes only that are haploid, after they finish the 2nd meiotic division, they produce spermatids

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15
Q

what are spermatids?

A

immature sperm that contains 23 chromosomes only that are haploid, spermatids develop into sperm

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16
Q

what is sperm?

A

will shed cytoplasm from the spermatid and develop the head, mid piece, and tail

17
Q

what is the acrosome cap?

A

enzymes on the head of sperm

18
Q

what is the head?

A

the head of sperm contains nucleus and DNA

19
Q

what is the midpiece?

A

contains mitochondria

20
Q

what is the SRY gene?

A

region of Y chromosome that initiates a cascade of genes to induce the development of the testis

21
Q

what happens when a gonad has the SRY gene?

A

germ cells in the medulla proliferate to form the testes

21
Q

what happens when a gonad doesn’t have the SRY gene?

A

germ cells in the cortex proliferate to form the ovaries

22
Q

prophase 1

A

double stranded chromosomes pair up, crossing over occurs

23
Q

what is crossing over and what does it do?

A

genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes creating genetic diversity

24
Q

metaphase 1

A

pairs of homologous chromosomes form two lines in the middle of the cell, the side where the sperm and egg chromosomes go for each pair is random, and spindle fibers attach to replicated chromosomes

24
Q

anaphase 1

A

pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell, each chromosome is still replicated and not pulled apart

25
Q

telophase 1

A

cell finishes 1st meiotic division producing 2 daughter cells, daughter cells each have 23 replicated chromosomes each chromosome contains 2 sister chromatids, parent cells had 23 pairs of chromosomes but daughter cells have only 23 chromosomes total

25
Q

metaphase 2

A

replicated chromosomes align at the center of the cell

26
Q

prophase 2

A

replicated chromosomes gather, crossing over does not occur since there are no homologous pairs of chromosome

26
Q

telophase 2

A

4 cells produced each have 23 with single stranded chromosomes each chromosome has 1 chromatid, cytokinesis begins, 4 cells are gametes

27
Q

anaphase 2

A

sister chromatids pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell, become single stranded chromosomes

28
Q

what is trisomy?

A

an extra copy of a chromosome. 3 instead of 2

29
Q

what is monosomy?

A

a single copy of a chromosome, absence of one of two sets of chromosomes

Anatomy (23 decks)

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