Joints and pelvis Flashcards
What is the knee joint and its attachment?
Hinge, diarthrosis joint, joint cavity enclosed by an articular capsule, patella embedded in quadriceps femoris muscle, continues to tibia as patellar ligament, attaches to tibial tuberosity
What is the function of ligaments on side of knee?
support and the leg and thigh should be kept in alignment
what is the function of the fibular collateral ligament?
Prevents hyperadduction so it doesn’t shift too far medially from thigh
what is the function of the tibial collateral ligament?
Prevents hyperabduction so leg doesn’t shift too far laterally from thighs
what is the function of the Menisci?
fibrocartilage pads to stabilize and vision joint
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
Prevents hyperextension of the knee joint, prevents tibia from moving too far anteriorly to the femur
what is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
prevents hyperflexion of the knee joint, prevents the tibia shifting posteriorly to the femur
What are the functions of the pelvis?
Close inferior opening, support pelvic organs, assist with defecation, voluntary part of urination, and childbirth
what is the pelvic diaphragm?
Three layers of muscle that creates a floor at the pelvic outlet
What is the perineum?
Diamond shaped region between lower limbs, urogenital triangle (external genitalia and urethra), anal triangle (contains anus)
Where do we get vitamin D?
Fatty fish, egg yolks, fortified foods
what does fortification do?
helps prevent rickets by ensuring adequate vitamin D levels
what does a lack of vitamin D cause?
prevents absorption of calcium and phosphorus, overproduction of osteoid lacking calcification
what is muscle hypertrophy?
increases number of myofibrils, endurance is increased by increasing cellular organelles and myofilaments
what is muscle atrophy?
Muscle wasting due to reduced stimulation, reversible but can become permanent
