digestive system Flashcards
serosa or adventitia
outermost layer, serosa is visceral peritoneum and areolar connective tissue, adventitia is areolar CT only
what are acinar cells?
secrete pancreatic juice and pancreatic juice leaves through the pancreatic duct
what is the gallbladder and function?
underneath the liver and stores and concentrates bile secreted from the liver
jejunum
the 2nd part of small intestine, 2/5 of the remaining intestine and has a huge surface area
which salivary gland innervates facial nerve?
sublingual gland and submandibular gland
what does bile do?
helps with fat and lipid digestion
muscularis
third layer, contains two layers of smooth muscle that are inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer, and responsible for peristalsis
what is the abdominopelvic cavity and its structures?
lined by the peritoneum which has the serous membrane, contains parietal peritoneum and peritoneal cavity
What is the pharynx and its function?
muscular tube that connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus, helps voluntarily propel stuff form the mouth into the esophagus
duodenum and function?
1st part of small intestine that’s c-shaped, receives chyme from stomach and receives bile and pancreatic enzymes from the liver and pancreas through duodenal papilla
tongue innervation?
hypoglossal for motor functions
glossopharyngeal and facial for taste functions
trigeminal and glossopharyngeal for sensation functions
what are hepatocytes?
produce bile and exits the liver through the bile duct
how are kids teeth different?
no premolars and 2 molars
what salivary gland innervates glossopharyngeal nerve?
parotid
liver and its function?
upper right of abdomen, produces and secretes bile, processes the products of digestion, stores nutrients and produces plasma proteins
hepatic portal vein
receives blood from splenic, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric veins, blood is processed by the liver cells, once processed the blood leaves the liver through the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava
what conducts both food and air?
oropharynx and laryngopharynx
teeth and the number of each?
incisors-2
canines-1
premolars- 2
molars-3
what do blood vessels do?
absorb other digested nutrients
ileum
the 3rd part of small intestine, last 3/5 of intestine, connects to cecum of large intestine and has few folds and MALT for immune function and line of defense
the small intestine function?
finishes chemical digestion and absorbs most of the nutrients
what is the uvula function?
rises to close off the nasopharynx when we swallow
what is the pancreas and its function?
behind the stomach contains acinar cells
mucosa in the stomach?
mucosa contains simple columnar epithelium, gastric pits, and gastric glands branching off the gastric pits
what is the GI tract and what does it include?
tube that extends from mouth to anal cavity, includes oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anal cavity
how is bile and pancreatic juice secreted?
right and left hepatic ducts unite to form common hepatic duct, the gallbladder has a cystic duct, the cystic duct and common hepatic duct unite forming the common bile duct, it connects with the pancreatic duct, common bile duct opens into the duodenum at the duodenal papilla, bile and pancreatic juices are secreted
esophagus and function?
muscular tube connects pharynx to the stomach that contains mucosa and muscularis, propels food to the stomach
stomach
Connects esophagus and duodenum, upper left of abdomen, has 4 parts
submucosa
second layer, contains connective tissue and major blood vessels
muscularis in the stomach?
3 layers of smooth muscle, the innermost oblique, inner circular, and outer longitudinal layers, the muscles moving in different directions help with mechanical digestion
what is the function of saliva?
dissolves food molecules to be tasted, moistens food, aids in compacting into bolus, cleanses mouth, chemical digestion of carbohydrates, lysozyme and antibodies in saliva inhibit bacterial growth in mouth, cranial nerve innervation of glands
stomach function?
churns food using chemical digestion to break down into chyme and mixes it with gastric juices
what does the parasympathetic do to digestive system?
stimulates or increases GI activity
what are the circular folds of small intestine and function?
folds of mucosa and submucosa, increases surface area so nutrients are absorbed, slows down chyme and allows it to mix with intestinal juices to allow time for nutrient absorption
what are the 4 parts of stomach?
cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
what does the parietal peritoneum do?
lines the abdominal wall
what is the epithelium in the oral cavity?
Non- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
what is absorption?
water and food molecules pass through the intestines and move into other structures
GI tract function?
peristalsis, digestion, absorption, elimination of waste
what is digestion and what are the types?
process of breaking food down into smaller fragments, contains chemical and mechanical digestion
mucosa and muscularis in the esophagus?
mucosa contains nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and the muscularis has 2 layers of muscle, upper 1/3- skeletal muscle, middle 1/3- skeletal and smooth muscle, lower 1/3- smooth muscle only
mucosa
innermost layer, lamina propria contains areolar CT, muscularis mucosae contains thin layer of smooth muscle
what does the hepatic portal system do?
veins that drain blood from the GI tract directly to the liver
mucosa in the large intestine?
has simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells
what is the rectum and anal canal?
terminal portion of the large intestine, feces leave the anal canal through the anus
mucosa of small intestine?
contains simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells
what are the accessory digestive organs?
not part of GI tract, assist with digestion, includes tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
what are the layers of the GI tract?
contains 4 layers, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia or serosa
what are villi on cicular folds and its function?
folds of mucosa only, the center has blood vessels and a lacteal, increases surface area, provides great distance for materials to be ingested and absorbed
what are the four veins in the hepatic portal system?
splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, inferior mesenteric vein, hepatic portal vein
what is the central vein?
forms the hepatic veins and drains blood out of the liver to the inferior vena cava
what are the salivary glands and their function?
parotid gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual gland, secretes saliva
what is peristalsis?
keeps food moving along GI tract, waves of contractions that push material further along tract
what does the sympathetic do to the digestive system?
inhibit or decreases the GI activity
what do GI lymphatics do? (lacteals)
absorb dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins
large intestine function?
absorption of water and electrolytes, storage of undigested material until it can be expelled
what does the visceral peritoneum do?
covers abdominal organs
muscularis of large intestine?
2 layers of smooth muscle, outer longitudinal layer consists of teniae coli, forms haustra
what is the cecum?
lower right of abdomen, connects to ileum, vermifrom appendix attaches here
