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Anatomy > Myelination > Flashcards

Myelination Flashcards

1
Q

what is pia mater?

A

the deepest and thinnest layer of the brain that follows the curves and directly attached to the nervous system

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2
Q

what is dura mater?

A

the most superficial layer of the brain, produces the veins of the brain, and it’s tough and durable

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3
Q

what is the arachnoid mater?

A

the second/middle layer and it is spidery, web like

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4
Q

what is the subarachnoid space?

A

space between pia mater and arachnoid mater

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5
Q

what is the inner meningeal layer?

A

layer inside the dura mater that’s attached to the arachnoid mater

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6
Q

what is the outer periosteal layer?

A

layer inside the dura mater that’s attached to the periosteum

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7
Q

what are dural venous sinuses?

A

large veins that drain blood from the brain between inner meningeal and outer periosteal layers

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8
Q

what are vein walls formed by?

A

dura mater

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9
Q

what is the central nervous system?

A

brain and spinal cord (control center)

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10
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system?

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia (everything outside of CNS)

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11
Q

what does the sensory division do?

A

receives information from body and transmits it to the CNS for processing, has both CNS and PNS

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12
Q

what does the somatic sensory do?

A

receives sensory information from skin, joints, muscles, and special senses (5 senses)

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13
Q

what is the function of visceral sensory?

A

receives sensory info from blood vessels and viscera (tells our body we are full)

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14
Q

what is afferent?

A

inflowing

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15
Q

what is the function of the motor division?

A

transmits info from the CNS to muscles and glands, has both CNS and PNS

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16
Q

what is the function of somatic motor?

A

innervates skeletal muscle, voluntary control

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17
Q

what is the function of the autonomic motor?

A

innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of viscera (organs), involuntary

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18
Q

what is efferent?

A

conducting outward

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19
Q

what is the function of neurons?

A

respond to stimuli and conducts nerve impulses, amiotic

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20
Q

what is amiotic?

A

don’t reproduce

21
Q

what is the function of glial cells?

A

support and protects neurons, divides by mitosis, many more glial cells than neurons

22
Q

what is the function of the cell body?

A

neurons control center or head

23
Q

what is the function of the nucleus?

A

contains nucleolus for protein synthesis and housing DNA

24
Q

what are chromatophilic substances and its function?

A

darkened clumps within the cytoplasm, not in axon hillock, used for protein synthesis

25
Q

what are dendrites and its function?

A

short nerve cell process, neurons can only have one of them, used to receive input of incoming nerve impulse, sends impulses to cell body

26
Q

what is an axon and its function?

A

long nerve cell process, used to send output of outgoing nerve impulses

27
Q

what is an axon hillock?

A

portion of cell body from where, axon originates, cone shaped, lacks chromatophilic substance

28
Q

what is multipolar and where is it found?

A

one axon and many dendrites, most common, motor neurons and interneurons

29
Q

What is bipolar and where is it found?

A

two processes with one axon and one dendrite, limited/rare, retina of eye, olfactory neurons

30
Q

what is unipolar and where is it found?

A

single process from the cell body and divides into two branches, common, most sensory neurons

31
Q

what is the function of a sensory neuron?

A

brings information to the CNS, and it goes from unipolar to bipolar

32
Q

what is the function of the motor neuron?

A

takes information from CNS to other parts of the body, multipolar

33
Q

what is the function of glial cells?

A

support and protect neurons, divide by mitosis, most numerous, PNS

34
Q

what is the function of the interneuron?

A

helps coordinate and integrate info between sensory and motor neurons, multipolar

35
Q

what are satellite cells?

A

surround neuron cell bodies in spinal ganglia

36
Q

what is ganglion?

A

a group of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS

37
Q

What are neurolemmocytes?

A

myelinate axons in PNS, helps regenerate damaged PNS axons

38
Q

what is myelin?

A

protective covering around an axon, used to insulate axon produce faster nerve impulses

39
Q

what are astrocytes and function?

A

makes vessels less leaky, regulate transfer of materials from blood to the brain, helps form the blood brain barrier

40
Q

what is the function of blood brain barrier?

A

keeps harmful substances away

41
Q

what are ventricles?

A

spaces within brain produce CSF

42
Q

what are oligodendrocytes?

A

myelinate axons in CNS, makes myelin

43
Q

what are microglia cells and function?

A

phagocytize damaged neurons, remove and eat up neurons, replicate when CNS is damaged

44
Q

what are ependymal cells?

A

line central canal and ventricles, helps circulate cerebrospinal fluid CSF

45
Q

what is myelination?

A

process of wrapping an axon with myelin, insulates axon and produces a faster nerve impulse, dendrites are not myelinated

46
Q

which axons are myelinated?

A

axons larger than 2 micrometers in diameter

47
Q

what is the myelination procedure in PNS?

A

neurolemmocyte wraps around a 1mm portion of an axon, cytoplasm and nucleus of neurolemmocyte is squeezed to the outside, inner successive layers of cell membrane make up the myelin sheath

48
Q

what is the myelination procedure in CNS?

A

one oligodendrocyte myelinates 1mm portions of many axons, takes many neurolemmocytes to myelinate entire axon, myelinated axons produce faster nerve impulses than unmyelinated axons

49
Q

what are neurofibril nodes?

A

gap between 2 adjacent neurolemmocytes where nerve impulse generated, unmyelinated

Anatomy (19 decks)

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