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Anatomy > muscles of head and neck and myology > Flashcards

muscles of head and neck and myology Flashcards

1
Q

function of skeletal muscle

A

body movement, maintenance of posture, temp regulation, storage and movement of materials, support

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2
Q

what do tendons do?

A

attach muscle to bone

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3
Q

what do ligaments do?

A

attach bone to bone

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4
Q

what is aponeuroses?

A

flattened, thin, sheet like tendons

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5
Q

what kind of tissue are tendons made up of?

A

dense regular CT

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6
Q

Dense CT and function?

A

made up of fibroblast cells, has poor vascularity with collagen fibers densely packed and running parallel
Function: strength and support, resists stress in one direction

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7
Q

each skeletal muscle is an organ true or false?

A

true

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8
Q

what is a muscle fiber wrapped in?

A

endomysium

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9
Q

what is a group of muscle fibers called?

A

fascicles

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10
Q

what is a group of fascicles?

A

the whole muscle

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11
Q

what is the entire muscle surrounded by?

A

epimysium

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12
Q

what surrounds the CT wrapping?

A

the deep fascia

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13
Q

what does the deep fascia become eventually?

A

tendon

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14
Q

what is the superficial fascia?

A

the subcutaneous layer

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15
Q

what is a myofibril?

A

groups of myofibrils makes up each muscle fiber, runs full length of a muscle fiber, composed of thick and thin myofilaments

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16
Q

what are myofilaments?

A

protein filaments within myofibrils, they have fixed length and needs many groups of them to run the length of a fiber, smallest component of a muscle

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17
Q

what is the sarcolemma?

A

plasma membrane underneath the endomysium

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18
Q

what is the cytoplasm of a muscle?

A

sarcoplasm

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19
Q

what is the sarcoplasm composed of?

A

has cell organelles like lysosomes, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum (called sarcoplasmic reticulum)

20
Q

what does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do?

A

stores calcium ions and releases ions as needed for muscle contraction

21
Q

what are the transverse tubules?

A

each muscle fiber is primarily composed of myofibrils
Function: conducts nerve impulses quickly from sarcolemma though muscle fibers

22
Q

what are thick myofilaments?

A

myosin

23
Q

what are thin myofilaments?

A

actin

24
Q

what is the Epicranius?

A

composed of occipitofrontalis muscle and an epicranial aponeurosis

25
Q

what does the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis do?

A

elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of the forehead

26
Q

What does the occipital belly of occipitofrontalis do?

A

retracts scalp slightly

27
Q

what does the orbicularis oculi do?

A

Closes the eye (Wink)

28
Q

what does the orbicularis oris do?

A

closes and purses lips (pucker)

29
Q

what does the zygomaticus major do?

A

elevates the corner of mouth for smiling

30
Q

what does the depressor anguli oris do?

A

depresses corner of mouth for frowning

31
Q

what does the buccinator do?

A

pulls cheeks against teeth when chewing (sucking)

32
Q

what does the platysma do?

A

tense skin of neck and depresses lower lip for pouting

33
Q

what is facial nerve paralysis?

A

a condition called bell palsy which is paralysis of the muscles of facial expression

34
Q

what is mastication?

A

process of chewing, moves the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

35
Q

what bones are involved in mastication?

A

mandible, temporal bone, sphenoid bone

36
Q

what does the masseter do?

A

elevates and protracts the mandible

37
Q

what does the temporalis do?

A

elevates and retracts mandible

38
Q

what does the medial pterygoid do?

A

elevates and protracts the mandible, moves it side to side

39
Q

what does the lateral pterygoid do?

A

same as medial pterygoid

40
Q

what does the genioglossus do?

A

protracts the tongue, sticks the tongue out

41
Q

what does the styloglossus do?

A

elevates and retracts tongue, pulls tongue back to mouth

42
Q

what does the hyoglossus do?

A

depresses and retracts tongue, pulls it down attached to hyoid

43
Q

what does the suprahyoid do?

A

elevates the hyoid, raises the floor of mouth

44
Q

what does the infrahyoid do?

A

depresses the hyoid, swallowing and speaking

45
Q

what does the sternocleidomastoid do?

A

rotates head to one side, flexes the head and neck, attaches to sternum and clavicle

46
Q

what does the splenius capitis do?

A

rotates head to one side, extends head and neck, head bandage

47
Q

what is congenital muscular torticollis?

A

shortened sternocleidomastoid, head tilts toward the affected side

Anatomy (10 decks)

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