muscles of head and neck and myology

Question 1

function of skeletal muscle

Answer 1

body movement, maintenance of posture, temp regulation, storage and movement of materials, support

Question 2

what do tendons do?

Answer 2

attach muscle to bone

Question 3

what do ligaments do?

Answer 3

attach bone to bone

Question 4

what is aponeuroses?

Answer 4

flattened, thin, sheet like tendons

Question 5

what kind of tissue are tendons made up of?

Answer 5

dense regular CT

Question 6

Dense CT and function?

Answer 6

made up of fibroblast cells, has poor vascularity with collagen fibers densely packed and running parallel
Function: strength and support, resists stress in one direction

Question 7

each skeletal muscle is an organ true or false?

Answer 7

true

Question 8

what is a muscle fiber wrapped in?

Answer 8

endomysium

Question 9

what is a group of muscle fibers called?

Answer 9

fascicles

Question 10

what is a group of fascicles?

Answer 10

the whole muscle

Question 11

what is the entire muscle surrounded by?

Answer 11

epimysium

Question 12

what surrounds the CT wrapping?

Answer 12

the deep fascia

Question 13

what does the deep fascia become eventually?

Answer 13

tendon

Question 14

what is the superficial fascia?

Answer 14

the subcutaneous layer

Question 15

what is a myofibril?

Answer 15

groups of myofibrils makes up each muscle fiber, runs full length of a muscle fiber, composed of thick and thin myofilaments

Question 16

what are myofilaments?

Answer 16

protein filaments within myofibrils, they have fixed length and needs many groups of them to run the length of a fiber, smallest component of a muscle

Question 17

what is the sarcolemma?

Answer 17

plasma membrane underneath the endomysium

Question 18

what is the cytoplasm of a muscle?

Answer 18

sarcoplasm

Question 19

what is the sarcoplasm composed of?

Answer 19

has cell organelles like lysosomes, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum (called sarcoplasmic reticulum)

Question 20

what does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 20

stores calcium ions and releases ions as needed for muscle contraction

Question 21

what are the transverse tubules?

Answer 21

each muscle fiber is primarily composed of myofibrils
Function: conducts nerve impulses quickly from sarcolemma though muscle fibers

Question 22

what are thick myofilaments?

Answer 22

myosin

Question 23

what are thin myofilaments?

Answer 23

actin

Question 24

what is the Epicranius?

Answer 24

composed of occipitofrontalis muscle and an epicranial aponeurosis

Question 25

what does the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis do?

Answer 25

elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of the forehead

Question 26

What does the occipital belly of occipitofrontalis do?

Answer 26

retracts scalp slightly

Question 27

what does the orbicularis oculi do?

Answer 27

Closes the eye (Wink)

Question 28

what does the orbicularis oris do?

Answer 28

closes and purses lips (pucker)

Question 29

what does the zygomaticus major do?

Answer 29

elevates the corner of mouth for smiling

Question 30

what does the depressor anguli oris do?

Answer 30

depresses corner of mouth for frowning

Question 31

what does the buccinator do?

Answer 31

pulls cheeks against teeth when chewing (sucking)

Question 32

what does the platysma do?

Answer 32

tense skin of neck and depresses lower lip for pouting

Question 33

what is facial nerve paralysis?

Answer 33

a condition called bell palsy which is paralysis of the muscles of facial expression

Question 34

what is mastication?

Answer 34

process of chewing, moves the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

Question 35

what bones are involved in mastication?

Answer 35

mandible, temporal bone, sphenoid bone

Question 36

what does the masseter do?

Answer 36

elevates and protracts the mandible

Question 37

what does the temporalis do?

Answer 37

elevates and retracts mandible

Question 38

what does the medial pterygoid do?

Answer 38

elevates and protracts the mandible, moves it side to side

Question 39

what does the lateral pterygoid do?

Answer 39

same as medial pterygoid

Question 40

what does the genioglossus do?

Answer 40

protracts the tongue, sticks the tongue out

Question 41

what does the styloglossus do?

Answer 41

elevates and retracts tongue, pulls tongue back to mouth

Question 42

what does the hyoglossus do?

Answer 42

depresses and retracts tongue, pulls it down attached to hyoid

Question 43

what does the suprahyoid do?

Answer 43

elevates the hyoid, raises the floor of mouth

Question 44

what does the infrahyoid do?

Answer 44

depresses the hyoid, swallowing and speaking

Question 45

what does the sternocleidomastoid do?

Answer 45

rotates head to one side, flexes the head and neck, attaches to sternum and clavicle

Question 46

what does the splenius capitis do?

Answer 46

rotates head to one side, extends head and neck, head bandage

Question 47

what is congenital muscular torticollis?

Answer 47

shortened sternocleidomastoid, head tilts toward the affected side