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Anatomy > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what is respiration?

A

process of gas exchange, involving inhalation and exhalation

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2
Q

what is the conducting portion of respiratory system?

A

Conducts and transfers air in the nose and paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles to the terminal bronchioles, and no gas exchange

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3
Q

function of nasal chonchaes?

A

increase air turbulence, gives air chance to humidify, cause air to swirl so foreign particles get trapped in mucus

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3
Q

what happens with gas exchange?

A

oxygen is taken from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide is diffused into the alveoli and is then expelled when we exhale

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3
Q

what is the respiratory portion?

A

gas exchange occurs here in the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and the alveoli

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4
Q

what is carbon dioxide?

A

waste product of cellular activity

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5
Q

what happens with filtering air?

A

occurs in the nasal cavity, the hairs in nose trap particles in the mucus

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5
Q

what is phonation?

A

happens in the larynx and its responsible for producing speech

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6
Q

what is the larynx and its fucntion?

A

anterior to the esophagus, voice box, and its function is to transport air to trachea to brochi to lungs, protects lungs from food and liquid and phonation production

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6
Q

how is air warmed and humidified?

A

the mucosa in the nasal cavity moistens the air coming in and the blood vessels warm blood

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6
Q

function of nasal cavity?

A

warming and humidifying air, filtering air, and olfaction

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7
Q

what is the process of olfaction?

A

upper portion of nasal cavity has olfactory epithelium (PCCE), bipolar neurons

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8
Q

what are the characteristics of the nasal cavity?

A

subdivided by nasal septum, floor is made up of hard and soft palate, has PCCE and olfactory epithelium

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9
Q

what are the three bones on lateral sides of nasal cavity?

A

superior, middle, and inferior conchae

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9
Q

what are paranasal sinuses?

A

paired cavities within some of the skull bones that connect to the nasal cavity, including maxilla. ethmoid, and sphenoid

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10
Q

what is the laryngopharynx?

A

from hyoid bone to superior border of the esophagus, directly behind the superior larynx, transports both food and air, contains nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

what are the functions of paranasal sinuses?

A

warms and humidify air, resonance of voice, and helps lighten skull

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10
Q

what is the oropharynx?

A

from the soft palate to the hyoid bone, directly behind the oral cavity, both food and air travel here, contains nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

what is the nasopharynx?

A

directly behind the nasal cavity, inferior border is soft palate, has PCCE and opening for auditory tube

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10
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

connects nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, contains group of tonsils

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10
Q

what is the function of pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual

A

attack/destroy antigens before they get too far

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11
Q

what is the thyroid cartilage?

A

forms anterior and lateral walls of larynx

12
Q

what is the epiglottis?

A

spoon-shaped cartilage at top of larynx, closes off the larynx during swallowing so material doesn’t enter the larynx

12
Q

what is the trachea?

A

connects larynx superiorly, travels from neck into the thorax, splits into left and right primary bronchi, contains PCCE and C shaped cartilage rings of hyaline cartilage

13
Q

what is the cricoid cartilage?

A

only complete ring of cartilage, underneath thyroid cartilage, directly above trachea

14
Q

what is the arytenoid cartilage?

A

sits on top of cricoid cartilage

14
Q

what does the right lung consist of?

A

3 lobes (superior, middle, and inferior lobes), 2 fissures (oblique and horizontal)

14
Q

what is the bronchial tree?

A

as inhaled air travels in these tubes the get smaller, epithelium gets shorter, and cartilage slowly disappears and is replaced by smooth muscle

14
Q

what are the right and left vocal cords?

A

lined with stratified squamous epithelium, cord vibrate against pressure of air to create sound, more air equals louder sounds

14
Q

what is pleura?

A

serous membrane that secretes serous fluid

15
Q

what does the left lobe consist of ?

A

2 lobes (superior and inferior lobes), 1 fissure (oblique)

15
Q

what do pulmonary arteries do?

A

carry blood low in oxygen from heart to the lungs

15
Q

what do the bronchial arteries do?

A

supply the bronchi and bronchioles

15
Q

what are bronchopulmonary segments?

A

smaller subdivisions of lungs

15
Q

what do pulmonary veins do?

A

carry blood high in oxygen back to the heart

16
Q

what are the left and right primary bronchi?

A

one goes to each lung, structures are outside the lungs, contains irregular plates of cartilage and PCCE

17
Q

What is the secondary bronchi?

A

one goes to each lobe of lung, contains cartilage plates and PCCE

18
Q

what is the tertiary bronchi?

A

supplies the bronchopulmonary segments of lungs, has some cartilage, tertiary bronchi split into smaller bronchi and then bronchi split into bronchioles

19
Q

what are bronchioles?

A

contains no cartilage, contains smooth muscle and simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelium

19
Q

what happens with asthma?

A

bronchioles are constricted making it harder for air to pass through the alveoli

20
Q

what are terminal bronchioles?

A

the last generation of bronchioles

20
Q

where does gas exchange happen?

A

alveolar ducts, alveoli, and respiratory bronchioles

21
Q

what are respiratory bronchioles?

A

branch from terminal bronchioles, contains ciliated cuboidal epithelium and some smooth muscle, alveoli comes off of them, and gives rise to smaller segments of the respiratory portion

22
Q

what are alveolar ducts?

A

long tube-like passageway smaller than respiratory bronchioles alveoli come off them

22
Q

what is alveoli?

A

smallest unit of respiratory portion, has simple squamous epithelium and the respiratory membrane

23
Q

what is the respiratory membrane?

A

contains simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus and simple squamous of a pulmonary capillary

24
Q

what is bronchitis?

A

inflammation of the passageway in the bronchi

25
Q

what is pneumonia?

A

causes mucus build up involving gas exchange in the alveoli

26
Q

what is quiet breathing?

A

Breathing from the diaphragm and external intercostals

27
Q

what is inspiration?

A

expands the thoracic cavity, diaphragm contracts and moves downward, laterally ribs elevate, and sternum moves anteriorly

28
Q

what is expiration?

A

compresses the thoracic cavity, diaphragm relaxes and moves up, laterally ribs depress, and sternum moves posteriorly

29
Q

what is the autonomic innervation sympathetic?

A

bronchodilate

30
Q

what is the autonomic innervation of parasympathetic?

A

bronchoconstriction

Anatomy (23 decks)

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