cell division and organelles

Question 1

What is cilia ?

Answer 1

large hairlike projections that move substances over cell surface

Question 2

microvilli

Answer 2

numerous, tiny, thin plasma membrane folds that increases surface area

Question 3

What are the three parts to a cell?

Answer 3

nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

Question 4

what does the plasma membrane consist of and what is the function?

Answer 4

Double layer of phospholipids, protein (some are attached and some are floating), glycocalyx function: Gate keeps

Question 5

what is Glycocalyx

Answer 5

carbs that let other cells know kts not foreign (cell recognition)

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

makes ATP, powerhouse of the cell ,contains own DNA called mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA)

Question 7

Function of ribosomes

Answer 7

protein synthesis (production)

Question 8

function of free ribosomes

Answer 8

makes protein for cell itself

Question 9

Ribosomes attached to rough er function?

Answer 9

make proteins for plasma membrane or to be exported outside of cell

Question 10

rough endoplasmic reticulum function?

Answer 10

Synthesizes and distributes proteins for plasma membrane

Question 11

What are lysosomes and their function?

Answer 11

circle structure containing digestive enzymes that get rid of waste (garbage men)

Question 12

What is endoplasmic reticulum and what is its function?

Answer 12

network of tubules to transport and synthesize material

Question 12

What is Tay Sachs disease?

Answer 12

lysosomal enzymes missing or dysfunctional causing a buildup of waste in cells leading to nerve deterioration. Death by 4-6

Question 13

smooth endoplasmic reticulum function?

Answer 13

synthesizes lipids, steroid hormones, and detoxifies drugs and alcohol (prominent in liver)

Question 13

What are centrioles?

Answer 13

Rod shaped structures involved in cell division

Question 14

What is the golgi apparatus and its function?

Answer 14

Series of flat sacs packed together serve for shipping and handling

Question 15

Cells divide into?

Answer 15

sex cells (sperm and oocytes) somatic cells (all other body cells)

Question 16

What are the two phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 16

interphase and mitotic phase

Question 17

What happens in the interphase?

Answer 17

DNA replicates and cell doesn’t divide

Question 18

what is mitosis?

Answer 18

cell division for somatic cells

Question 19

what is meiosis?

Answer 19

cell division for sex cells

Question 20

what is cytokinesis?

Answer 20

division of cytoplasm after mitosis

Question 21

Prophase of mitosis

Answer 21

puffy, DNA condenses from chromatin to chromosomes, centrioles move to opposite end of cell, spindle fibers go from centrioles to chromatids, nuclear envelope breaks down

Question 22

Metaphase of mitosis

Answer 22

Middle, chromosomes align along the center of cell, mitotic spindle extends from the centrioles

Question 23

anaphase (apart)

Answer 23

Spindle fibers split apart sister chromatids, sister chromatids pulled to opposite ends of cell, chromatid becomes single chromosomes

Question 24

telophase (two)

Answer 24

Nuclear envelope reforms in developing cells, cleavage furrow develops, cytokinesis begins