cell division and organelles Flashcards

1
Q

What is cilia ?

A

large hairlike projections that move substances over cell surface

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2
Q

microvilli

A

numerous, tiny, thin plasma membrane folds that increases surface area

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3
Q

What are the three parts to a cell?

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

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4
Q

what does the plasma membrane consist of and what is the function?

A

Double layer of phospholipids, protein (some are attached and some are floating), glycocalyx function: Gate keeps

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5
Q

what is Glycocalyx

A

carbs that let other cells know kts not foreign (cell recognition)

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6
Q

Mitochondria

A

makes ATP, powerhouse of the cell ,contains own DNA called mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA)

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7
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

protein synthesis (production)

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8
Q

function of free ribosomes

A

makes protein for cell itself

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9
Q

Ribosomes attached to rough er function?

A

make proteins for plasma membrane or to be exported outside of cell

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10
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum function?

A

Synthesizes and distributes proteins for plasma membrane

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11
Q

What are lysosomes and their function?

A

circle structure containing digestive enzymes that get rid of waste (garbage men)

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12
Q

What is endoplasmic reticulum and what is its function?

A

network of tubules to transport and synthesize material

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12
Q

What is Tay Sachs disease?

A

lysosomal enzymes missing or dysfunctional causing a buildup of waste in cells leading to nerve deterioration. Death by 4-6

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13
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum function?

A

synthesizes lipids, steroid hormones, and detoxifies drugs and alcohol (prominent in liver)

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13
Q

What are centrioles?

A

Rod shaped structures involved in cell division

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14
Q

What is the golgi apparatus and its function?

A

Series of flat sacs packed together serve for shipping and handling

15
Q

Cells divide into?

A

sex cells (sperm and oocytes) somatic cells (all other body cells)

16
Q

What are the two phases of the cell cycle?

A

interphase and mitotic phase

17
Q

What happens in the interphase?

A

DNA replicates and cell doesn’t divide

18
Q

what is mitosis?

A

cell division for somatic cells

19
Q

what is meiosis?

A

cell division for sex cells

20
Q

what is cytokinesis?

A

division of cytoplasm after mitosis

21
Q

Prophase of mitosis

A

puffy, DNA condenses from chromatin to chromosomes, centrioles move to opposite end of cell, spindle fibers go from centrioles to chromatids, nuclear envelope breaks down

22
Q

Metaphase of mitosis

A

Middle, chromosomes align along the center of cell, mitotic spindle extends from the centrioles

23
Q

anaphase (apart)

A

Spindle fibers split apart sister chromatids, sister chromatids pulled to opposite ends of cell, chromatid becomes single chromosomes

24
Q

telophase (two)

A

Nuclear envelope reforms in developing cells, cleavage furrow develops, cytokinesis begins