cell division and organelles Flashcards
What is cilia ?
large hairlike projections that move substances over cell surface
microvilli
numerous, tiny, thin plasma membrane folds that increases surface area
What are the three parts to a cell?
nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
what does the plasma membrane consist of and what is the function?
Double layer of phospholipids, protein (some are attached and some are floating), glycocalyx function: Gate keeps
what is Glycocalyx
carbs that let other cells know kts not foreign (cell recognition)
Mitochondria
makes ATP, powerhouse of the cell ,contains own DNA called mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA)
Function of ribosomes
protein synthesis (production)
function of free ribosomes
makes protein for cell itself
Ribosomes attached to rough er function?
make proteins for plasma membrane or to be exported outside of cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum function?
Synthesizes and distributes proteins for plasma membrane
What are lysosomes and their function?
circle structure containing digestive enzymes that get rid of waste (garbage men)
What is endoplasmic reticulum and what is its function?
network of tubules to transport and synthesize material
What is Tay Sachs disease?
lysosomal enzymes missing or dysfunctional causing a buildup of waste in cells leading to nerve deterioration. Death by 4-6
smooth endoplasmic reticulum function?
synthesizes lipids, steroid hormones, and detoxifies drugs and alcohol (prominent in liver)
What are centrioles?
Rod shaped structures involved in cell division
What is the golgi apparatus and its function?
Series of flat sacs packed together serve for shipping and handling
Cells divide into?
sex cells (sperm and oocytes) somatic cells (all other body cells)
What are the two phases of the cell cycle?
interphase and mitotic phase
What happens in the interphase?
DNA replicates and cell doesn’t divide
what is mitosis?
cell division for somatic cells
what is meiosis?
cell division for sex cells
what is cytokinesis?
division of cytoplasm after mitosis
Prophase of mitosis
puffy, DNA condenses from chromatin to chromosomes, centrioles move to opposite end of cell, spindle fibers go from centrioles to chromatids, nuclear envelope breaks down
Metaphase of mitosis
Middle, chromosomes align along the center of cell, mitotic spindle extends from the centrioles
anaphase (apart)
Spindle fibers split apart sister chromatids, sister chromatids pulled to opposite ends of cell, chromatid becomes single chromosomes
telophase (two)
Nuclear envelope reforms in developing cells, cleavage furrow develops, cytokinesis begins
