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Anatomy > circulatory system > Flashcards

circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

what cavity is heart in?

A

thoracic cavity in mediastinum

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2
Q

what is the apex?

A

inferior part of heart

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3
Q

what is the base?

A

posterior part of heart

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4
Q

what is the heart enclosed in?

A

pericardium

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5
Q

what is the fibrous pericardium and its function?

A

outermost layer, dense connective tissue
function: prevents heart from overfilling and restricts heart movements

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6
Q

what is the serous pericardium?

A

folds back on itself to create two specific layers parietal and visceral

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7
Q

what is the parietal layer?

A

adheres to the fibrous pericardium

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8
Q

what is the visceral layer?

A

adheres to heart wall

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9
Q

what is the pericardial cavity?

A

contains serous fluid

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10
Q

what is the pericardial effusion?

A

too much fluid in the pericardial cavity that causes the heart to squeeze and prevents blood flow

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11
Q

what is the endocardium?

A

contains endothelium covering a CT layer and lines inside of heart and covers valves

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12
Q

what is myocardium?

A

cardiac muscle thickest layer

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13
Q

what is epicardium?

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium, thin serous flat serous membrane

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14
Q

what is cardiac muscle?

A

only in heart, short, cylindrical cells, one or two centrally located nuclei, intercalated discs, striations

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14
Q

what is the coronary sulcus?

A

groove that separates the atria from the ventricles

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15
Q

what is myocardial infarction?

A

heart attack, death of heart wall due to prolonged lack of blood supply

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15
Q

what is the interventricular sulcus?

A

Groove that separates left and right ventricles

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15
Q

what are the chordae tendinea and its function?

A

from the papillary muscle to the 3 flaps of the right atrioventricular valve
function: prevents flap from everting into atrium

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16
Q

what is plasma?

A

extracellular matrix, dissolved protein fibers and watery ground substance

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17
Q

erythrocytes

A

biconcave discs, anucleate, filled with hemoglobin, transports oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from cells

18
Q

what are neutrophils?

A

most numerous, cytoplasm has fine pale granules, phagocytize pathogens

19
Q

what are lymphocytes?

A

cytoplasm lacks granules, located in lymphoid tissues, has three cells

20
Q

what are T-lymphocytes?

A

coordinate immune activity

21
Q

what are B-lymphocytes?

A

produce antibodies

22
Q

what are natural killer cells?

A

attack pathogens and abnormal affected/ infected cells

23
Q

what are monocytes?

A

largest leukocytes, cytoplasm lacks granules, phagocytize pathogens, cellular debris and dead cells

24
Q

what are eosinophils?

A

cytoplasm contains prominent granules that stain red, nucleus is bi-lobed, phagocytizes allergens and destroys parasitic worms

25
Q

what are basophils?

A

Make up less than one percent of leukocytes, contains big granules that stain blue, bi-lobed nucleus, releases histamine and heparin during inflammatory or allergic reactions

26
Q

what are platelets?

A

cytoplastic fragments from larger cell, anucleate, very small, assist with blood clotting

27
Q

what are veins and its function?

A

take blood to the heart, transport blood in low oxygen and high in carbon dioxide, has very thin walls and collapsible, low blood pressure, lumens larger than in arteries

27
Q

what are arteries and what do they do?

A

carry blood away from heart to other tissues, transport blood high in oxygen, relatively thick. springy wall, higher blood pressure than in veins

28
Q

what are capillaries?

A

tiny vessels that connect the smallest arteries to veins, gas exchange happens here, slightly larger than erythrocytes, have only a tunica intima

29
Q

what is the tunica media?

A

middle layer, circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers, largest layer in arteries, sympathetic innervation typically vasoconstriction

29
Q

pathway of blood?

A

heart, elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, vein, heart

30
Q

what is the tunica externa?

A

outermost layer, largest layer in viens, contains areolar connective tissue

31
Q

what is the tunica intima?

A

innermost layer, endothelium (simple squamous epithelium), and areolar connective tissue

32
Q

what are elastic arteries?

A

vessel wall contains large amount of elastic protein fibers

33
Q

what are muscular arteries?

A

less elastic than elastic arteries, more smooth muscle in the tunica media

34
Q

what are venules function?

A

Collect blood from capillaries

35
Q

what are arterioles?

A

tunica media consists of 6 or fewer layers of smooth muscle

36
Q

what are veins and their function?

A

formed when venules unite, most have valves, prevents backflow

37
Q

what is a skeletal muscle pump?

A

helps blood be pushed in veins toward heart

38
Q

what is autorhythmicity?

A

the heart itself is responsible for beating itself

39
Q

what is the sinoatrial node?

A

its in the upper wall of right atrium and its responsible for initiating the heartbeat

40
Q

where is the atrioventricular node?

A

floor of right atrium

41
Q

what is the atrioventricular bundle?

A

a bundle of conducing fibers that runs through interventricular septum

42
Q

what are purkinje fibers?

A

specialized conduction muscle cells, larger than cardiac muscle fibers, and extends through ventricle walls

43
Q

what is commotio cordis?

A

causes ventricles to flutter and no blood flow

Anatomy (19 decks)

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