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Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ureter connect?

A

Kidney to bladder

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2
Q

What does the urethera connect?

A

Bladder to the body exit

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3
Q

What is nephrology?

A

Study of anatomy/physiology/pathology of the kidneys

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4
Q
A

kidneys

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5
Q
A

Ureters

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6
Q
A

urinary bladder

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7
Q
A

Urethra

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8
Q
A

uterus

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9
Q
A

ovary

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10
Q
A

Rectum

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11
Q
A

Inferior vena cava

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12
Q
A

abdominal aorta

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13
Q
A

esophagus

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14
Q
A

diaphram

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15
Q

What hormones do the kidneys produce?

A

Calcitrol (vit D)
Erythroprietinn (RBC)

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16
Q

What does retroperiotoneal mean?

A

back of the body

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17
Q

What provides protection to the kidneys?

A

The lower ribs

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18
Q
A

Renal hilum

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19
Q
A

adrenal glands

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20
Q
A

ureter

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21
Q
A

Renal cortex

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22
Q
A

renal medulla

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23
Q
A

renal column

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24
Q
A

renal pyramid

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25
Q
A

Collecting duct

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26
Q
A

papilliary duct

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27
Q
A

minor calyx

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28
Q
A

major calyx

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29
Q
A

renal pelvis

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30
Q
A

ureter

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31
Q

What is the path of urine drainage?

A
  • Collection duct
  • Papilliary duct
  • Minor Calyx
  • Major calyx
  • Renal Pelvis
  • Ureter
  • Bladder
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32
Q

How many calyces per kidney?

A

8-18 minor
2-3 major

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33
Q

What is the parenchyma

A

Functional portion of kidneys

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34
Q

What makes up the parenchyma?

A

Renal cortex + pyramids

35
Q

How does blood flow through the kidneys?

RSIAC, AGEP, PC(r)AIR

A
  1. Arteries (Renal, segmental, interlobar, arcuate, cortical radiate)
  2. (Arterioles/Capiliaries/A/C) afferent, Glomerular, Efferent, peritubular
  3. Veins (Peritubular, cortical radiate, arcuate, interlobar, renal)

  1. Ria should ingest a chocolate, 2. And get extra protein 3. Proteins cravings are internal requests
36
Q

What are the 2 parts of a nephron?

A
  • Renal corpuscle
  • Renal tubule
37
Q

What does the renal corpuscle do?

A

Filters the blood

38
Q

What do the renal tubules do?

A

Return good stuff from blood back to body

39
Q

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

A
  • Cortical
  • Juxtamedullary
40
Q

What does the nephron do?

A
  1. Glemerular filtration
  2. Tubular secretion
  3. Tubular reabsorption
41
Q

What makes up the renal corpuscle?

A

The glomerulus

42
Q
A

glomerulus

43
Q
A

cortical nephron

44
Q
A

Juxtamedullary nephron

45
Q
A

minor calyx

46
Q

How does fluid flow through a cortical nephron?

A
  1. glomerular capsule
  2. proximal convoluted tubule
  3. nephron loop
  4. distal convoluted tubule
  5. collecting duct
47
Q

What is the role of the cortical nephron?

A

Creates urine

48
Q

What is the purpose of a juxtamedullary nephron

A

enables the kidney to secrete very concentrated urine

49
Q

How does fluid flow through a juxtamedullary nephron?

A
  1. Glomerular capsule
  2. proximal convoluted tubule
  3. nephron loop
  4. Distal convoluted tubule
50
Q

What are the 2 main components of the renal corpuscle?

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Glomerular capsule
51
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A
  • mass of capillaries
52
Q

Where does filtrate go in the glomerular capsule?

A

between the visceral and parietal layers

53
Q

What is the structure of glomerular endothelial cells?

A
  • They have large pores and are leaky
54
Q

Why are the endothelial cells of the glomerular ‘leaky’?

A
  • Prevents filtration of bood cells whist alowing blood plasma to pass through
55
Q

What is the purpose of the membranes of the glomerulus?

A

prevents filtration of medium/larger proteins

56
Q

What are pedicels?

A

Formed by podocytes
control substance movement

57
Q
A

pedicel

58
Q

What are the 3 parts of the renal tubule?

A
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • nephron loop
  • distal convoluted tubule
59
Q

Where do collecting ducts empty?

A

papillary ducts

60
Q

Explain the physiology of the renal tube

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
61
Q

How does the production of dilute urine differ from concentrated urine?

A
  • ADH controls the amount of water lost in pee
62
Q

What is haemodialysis?

A

removal of wastes and excess electrolytes from patient’s blood

63
Q

Describe the structure of the ureters

A

thick-walled
narrow

64
Q

Why does the bladder not backflow when full?

A

No valve at opening
Ureters enter obliquely, these openings are compressed when the bladder is full

65
Q

What are the 3 layers of the ureters?

A
  • Mucosa
  • Muscularis
  • Adventitia
66
Q

Describe the structure of the mucosa

A
  • Transitional epithelium
  • Underlying laminate propria
67
Q

How does the mucosa behave when the ureters are full?

A

it stretches

68
Q

Describe the structure of the muscularis

A
  • Inner longitudinal and outer circular layers of smooth muscle
69
Q

What is the role of the muscularis?

A
  • contracts when urine in ureter
  • helps propel urine to bladder
70
Q

Describe the structure of the adventitia

A

Superficial layer containing blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

71
Q

What is micturition?

A

The act of peeing

72
Q

Which muscles contract and relax when you pee?

A

relax: internal urethral spincter
contract: detrusor muscle

73
Q
A

detrusor muscle

74
Q

What is the difference in size for male and female urethras?

A

Male: 20cm
Female : 4cm

75
Q

What are the 2 tissue layers in the urthera?

A
  1. deep mucosa
  2. superficial muscularis
76
Q

What are the 3 anatomical regions in the male urethra?

A
  1. Prostatic urethra
  2. Intermediate urethra
  3. Spongy urethra
77
Q

Why are women more likely to have STIs?

A

Shorter urethra tract than males

78
Q
A

rectum

79
Q
A

postatic urethra

80
Q
A

intermediate urethra

81
Q
A

spongy urethra

82
Q
A

prostate

83
Q

What are the 2 types of catheters

A
  1. foley (<30days)
  2. intermittant (<1day)

Anatomy (29 decks)

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