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Anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is this?

A

The pelvic girdle

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2
Q

Where does the pelvic girdle link to the lower limbs?

A

Hip joint

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3
Q

What bones make up the bony pelvis?

A
  • hip bones
  • sacrum
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4
Q

What joints make up the bony pelvis?

A
  • pubic symphsis
  • Sacroiliac joints
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5
Q

What part is this?

A

The hip bone

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6
Q

What 3 bones make up the hip bone?

A
  • Ilium
  • Pubis
  • Ischium
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7
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

The part of the hip bone where:
* three bone parts converge
* Theres a socket for femur head

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8
Q

What part of the hip bone is this?

A
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9
Q

What part of the hip bone is this?

A
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10
Q

What part of the hip bone is this?

A
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11
Q

What part of the hip bone is this?

A
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12
Q

What are the 2 ‘parts’ of the pelvis and what is the name for the point that seperates them?

A
  1. False
  2. True

Seperated by pelvic brim

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13
Q

which pelvis are the coloured regions?

A
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14
Q

What does the false pelvis contain?

A
  • Lower abdomen
  • Superior portion of bladder
  • Lower intestines
  • Uterus/ovaries/uterine tubes
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15
Q

What does the true pelvis contain?

A
  • rectum
  • bladder
  • vagina & cervix
  • male: prostate
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16
Q

What are the main ways male and female pelves differ?

A
  • Male bones are larger and heavier
  • Female is wider and shallower
  • Larger pubic arch angle
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17
Q

What bone is at the thigh?

A

Femur

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18
Q

What is the bone at the knee cap?

A

Patella

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19
Q

What are the bones in the ‘leg’?

leg = knee to ankle

A
  • tibia
  • fibula
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20
Q

What bones are in the feet?

A
  • Tarsals
  • Metatarsals
  • Phalanges
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21
Q

What are the 2 phases of the normal gait cycle?

A

Stance & swing

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22
Q

What happens in the lower limbs during the stance phase of gait cycle?

A
  • Foot in contact with the floor
  • body weight felt at hip joint
  • gluteus muscles contract
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23
Q

What happens in the lower limbs during the swing phase of gait cycle?

A
  • feet in air
  • muscles prevent pelvis tilt to stop pelvic dropping
    *
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24
Q

What is replaced for a partial hip replacement?

A

Femur

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25
Q

What is replaced for a total hip replacement?

A

acetabulum and femur head

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26
Q

What part of the patella does the femur connect to?

A

Posterior surface

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27
Q

Which leg bone is weight bearing?

A

Tibia

28
Q

Where / how does the tibula attach to the patella?

A

Tibial tuberosity

29
Q

How does the tibia connect to the foot?

A

Distal end atriculates with talus bone of ankle

30
Q

What part is this?

A

The lateral malleolus

pointy bit of ankle

31
Q

Which leg bone forms the medial malleolus?

A

Tibia

32
Q

Which leg bone forms the lateral malleolus?

A

Fibula

33
Q

How many joints are in the knee?

A

3

34
Q

What are the 2 ligaments of the knee joint?

A

1x anterior cruciate (ACL)
1 x posterior cruciate (PCL)

35
Q

What is the role of the ACL and PCL?

A
  • Prevent dislocation of tibia on femur
36
Q

What is the role of cruciate ligaments?

A
  • connect femur and tibia
  • allows ligaments to cross each other
37
Q

What do collatoral ligaments do?

A

Keeps knee stable

small region on medial and lateral part of knee

38
Q

What causes a swollen knee?

A
  • escape of blood from damaged blood vessels
39
Q

What is the ‘unhappy triad’?

A

Injury on lateral side of knee

40
Q

What is replaced in a knee replacement?

A
  • cartilage
  • distal end of femur
  • proximal end of tibia
  • posterior of patella

metal and plastic materials

41
Q

What movement is controlled via the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Flexion of leg at knee
  • Extension of thigh at hip
42
Q

What movement is controlled via the medial compartment of the thigh?

A
  • adduction of thigh at the hip
43
Q

What movement is controlled via the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Flexion of thigh at hip
  • Extension of leg at knee
44
Q

What is the tissue between the tibia and fibula?

A
  • interosseous membrane

made of connective tissue

45
Q

What is the role of the interosseous membrane?

A
  • links tibia and fibula
  • Increases surface area for muscle attachment
46
Q

What joints are these?

A

Tibiofibular

47
Q

What type of joint are tibiofibular joints?

A

Synovial
Plane type

48
Q

What area is this?

A

Articular capsule

49
Q

What is the role of the articular capsule in the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A
  • houses hyaline cartilage
50
Q

What is the purpose of the distal tibiofibular joints?

A

ankle stability

51
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

Hinge-type, synovial

52
Q

What is the purpose of the arching of the foot?

A
  • Allow foot to support body weight
  • Provide leverage while walking
  • Distibute weight over foot
53
Q

Explain what is going on here

A
  • The fibula and tibia form a socket for the tabula to fit snugly into
  • tabula is the ankle
54
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the leg?

A
  1. Lateral
  2. Anterior
  3. Posterior deep
  4. Posterior superficial
55
Q

What is the role of the extensor retinacula?

A

Prevent bow stringing in feet

56
Q

What do the posterior superficial muscles do?

A
  • plantarflexion of foot
57
Q

What does the popliteus muscle do?

Posterior deep

A

Stabilises the knee

58
Q

What does the tibialis posterior muscle do?

Posterior deep

A

plantarflexion

59
Q

What does the flexor digitorum longus muscle do?

Posterior deep

A
  • flexes lateral 4 digits
  • Plantarflexion
60
Q

What does the flexor hallucis longus muscle do?

Posterior deep

A

flexes big toe

61
Q

What is this?

A
62
Q

What is this?

A
63
Q

What is this?

A
64
Q

What do the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis do?

A
  • evert foot at sole
  • plantarflexion at ankle
64
Q

What is this?

A
65
Q

What is this?

A
66
Q

What is this?

A

Anatomy (25 decks)

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